﻿<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?><rss version="2.0" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:trackback="http://madskills.com/public/xml/rss/module/trackback/" xmlns:wfw="http://wellformedweb.org/CommentAPI/" xmlns:slash="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/slash/"><channel><title>博客园-辰云轩－－井上冰的人文群落@CNBlogs 刚日读经，柔日读史，怒而写竹，喜而绘兰</title><link>http://www.cnblogs.com/rexhost/</link><description>常想一二，不思八九@Welkin Attic®exhost一切关于人文的：政治/文学/哲学/历史/艺术/音乐/人类/阅读/管理...软件工程/操作系统/嵌入式...语言原教旨主义...以及加菲猫</description><language>zh-cn</language><lastBuildDate>Tue, 09 Feb 2010 22:36:09 GMT</lastBuildDate><pubDate>Tue, 09 Feb 2010 22:36:09 GMT</pubDate><ttl>60</ttl><item><title>【JOURNAL】THIS is almost SHIT if you look backward</title><link>http://www.cnblogs.com/rexhost/archive/2009/12/10/1621171.html</link><dc:creator>井上冰</dc:creator><author>井上冰</author><pubDate>Thu, 10 Dec 2009 08:01:00 GMT</pubDate><guid>http://www.cnblogs.com/rexhost/archive/2009/12/10/1621171.html</guid><description><![CDATA[<p>阅读: 39 评论: 0 作者: <a href="http://www.cnblogs.com/rexhost/" target="_blank">井上冰</a> 发表于 2009-12-10 16:01 <a href="http://www.cnblogs.com/rexhost/archive/2009/12/10/1621171.html" target="_blank">原文链接</a></p>&nbsp; 嗯，yes<img src="http://www.cnblogs.com/rexhost/aggbug/1621171.html?type=1" width="1" height="1" alt=""/><p>评论: 0　<a href="http://www.cnblogs.com/rexhost/archive/2009/12/10/1621171.html#pagedcomment" target="_blank">查看评论</a>　<a href="http://www.cnblogs.com/rexhost/archive/2009/12/10/1621171.html#commentform" target="_blank">发表评论</a></p><hr/><p>最新新闻：<br/>· <a href="http://news.cnblogs.com/n/56793/" target="_blank">知名扩展 Firebug 的简化版登陆 Chrome</a><span style="color:gray">(2010-02-09 22:59)</span><br/>· <a href="http://news.cnblogs.com/n/56792/" target="_blank">Google 悄悄地启用 1e100.net，打枪地不要</a><span style="color:gray">(2010-02-09 22:57)</span><br/>· <a href="http://news.cnblogs.com/n/56791/" target="_blank">从 Google 代码库找到的好东西</a><span style="color:gray">(2010-02-09 22:46)</span><br/>· <a href="http://news.cnblogs.com/n/56789/" target="_blank">苹果在线商店临时关闭 或将推新Macbook</a><span style="color:gray">(2010-02-09 22:39)</span><br/>· <a href="http://news.cnblogs.com/n/56788/" target="_blank">豆瓣网推出豆瓣电台iPhone客户端</a><span style="color:gray">(2010-02-09 21:51)</span><br/></p><p>编辑推荐：<a href="http://news.cnblogs.com/n/56782/" target="_blank">2010年2月编程语言排行榜</a><br/></p><p>网站导航：<a href="http://www.cnblogs.com" target="_blank">博客园首页</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://home.cnblogs.com/" target="_blank">个人主页</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://news.cnblogs.com" target="_blank">新闻</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://home.cnblogs.com/ing/" target="_blank">闪存</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://home.cnblogs.com/group/" target="_blank">小组</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://space.cnblogs.com/q/" target="_blank">博问</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://space.cnblogs.com" target="_blank">社区</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://kb.cnblogs.com" target="_blank">知识库</a></p>]]></description></item><item><title>【EXLIBRIS】二十唯识白话译本【ZZ】</title><link>http://www.cnblogs.com/rexhost/archive/2009/10/06/1578334.html</link><dc:creator>井上冰</dc:creator><author>井上冰</author><pubDate>Mon, 05 Oct 2009 16:35:00 GMT</pubDate><guid>http://www.cnblogs.com/rexhost/archive/2009/10/06/1578334.html</guid><description><![CDATA[<p>阅读: 73 评论: 0 作者: <a href="http://www.cnblogs.com/rexhost/" target="_blank">井上冰</a> 发表于 2009-10-06 00:35 <a href="http://www.cnblogs.com/rexhost/archive/2009/10/06/1578334.html" target="_blank">原文链接</a></p><div>linked from <a href="http://www.neixue.org/yoga/zhushu/20090326/346.html">http://www.neixue.org/yoga/zhushu/20090326/346.html</a><br /><br />
<div class="title">
<h1>二十唯识白话译本(吕澂)</h1></div><!--相关信息-->
<div class="info"><strong>来源：</strong>《世界哲学》2009年1期 <strong>作者：</strong>吕澂／译 肖永明／整 <strong>时间：</strong>2009-03-26</div><br />
<p align="center"><span style="font-family: 黑体; font-size: 18pt">二十唯识白话译本</span></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p align="center">吕澂／译<span>&nbsp;肖永明／整理</span></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>提<span>&nbsp;要：《二十唯识白话译本》，是现代中国佛学大家吕澂先生对《唯识二十论》的白话翻译本。《唯识二十论》为印度佛学瑜伽行派一系重要论师世亲所撰，主要从设难辩驳的角度建立唯识学的思想基础。此论玄奘法师译本文义深邃，索解困难，吕澂先生对其进行逐句白话译述，以便于学人读解。吕先生译述的抄录本，上面有吕先生的亲自校改，只是先生生前并未予以公开发表。这次加以整理，借《世界哲学》篇幅发表，以供同好。《译本》底稿内容只有白话译文，没有配以《唯识二十论》原文，而且白话译文也只有&#8220;点顿&#8221;式断句。这次整理，依据吕澂先生主持编校的《藏要》所收《唯识二十论》，将原文分段列入白话译本中，分别以[原文]及[语译]标出，并将原文、白话译文一并标以相应的新式标点，以利读者阅读理解。</span></p>
<p><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>关键词：唯识；唯心；境界；知觉；心智</p>
<p><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>中图分类号：<span>B351<span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>文献标识码：A</span></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <strong>[</strong></span><strong>原文<span>]安立大乘三界唯识，以契经说三界唯心，心意识了名之差别。此中说心意兼心所，唯遮外境不遣相应。内识生时似外境现，如有眩翳见发蝇等，此中都无少分实义。</span></strong></p>
<p style="text-indent: 21pt">[语译<span>]现在就大乘来建立三界唯识的道理，因为经里面说三界唯心，心和意、识、了不过是名目的差别， (其事实没有两样，唯心可就是唯识。)这里说心，意思间就兼说心所在着，因为说唯字，只欲除去心外的境界，并不欲除去和心一道起来的心所，(所以说唯心不妨心所也说在内，用不着除去他。)(那么，怎样的唯心唯识呢?)内面的识一起来，就会显现出像是在外的境界，很像人眼睛花了或长了翳，便会见得发蝇等形像(在空中)一样，其实，这两件事中间并没有一点实在的境界，(这都是识上的显现，所以说是唯识。)</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 21pt">&nbsp;</p>
<p><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <strong>[</strong></span><strong>原文<span>]即于此义有设难言。颂曰：</span></strong></p>
<p><strong><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></strong><strong>若识无实境，即处时决定，相续不决定，作用，不应成。<span>(&#8212;)</span></strong></p>
<p><strong><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></strong><strong>论曰：此说何义<span>?若离识实有色等外法，色等识生不缘色等，何因此识有处得生，非一切处?何故此处有时识起，非一切时?同一处时有多相续，何不决定随一识生，如眩翳人见发蝇等，非无眩翳有此识生?复有何因诸眩翳者，所见发等无发等用，梦中所得饮食刀杖毒药衣等无饮等用，寻香城等无城等用，余发等物其用非无?若实同无色等外境，唯有内识似外境生，定处定时，不定相续，有作用物，皆不应成。</span></strong></p>
<p><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; [</span>语译<span>]就有人对于这层道理假设一种疑难说。颂曰：</span></p>
<p><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>假使唯有识而无实在的境界，</p>
<p><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>那么就应当没有限制一定地方之可言，</p>
<p><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (</span>随在什么地方都能见得那回事，<span>)</span></p>
<p><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>又应当没有限制一定时候之可言，</p>
<p><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (</span>随在何时都能见得，<span>)</span></p>
<p><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>又应当没有不限定什么人都能之可言，</p>
<p><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>又应当没有功用之可言。<span>(&#8212;)</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 21pt">论曰：这是说什么道理呢<span>?假使色等识(关于色等的识)起来的时候，不会缘(想到或分别得)离识以外的实在色等，为什么这种识要有一定地方才能起来，并非随处能起?又为什么要一定的时候而非随时能起?又为什么同在一处一时有许多人而不限于某某的识才起来，也像限于眼花有翳的人才见得发蝇等，好眼的就不然?又有什么道理眼花有翳的所见发等就没有他们的用处，又梦里所得着的饮食刀杖毒药衣服等就没有可渴可吃等用处，又海市蜃楼就没有做城市的用处，而其余的发等(饮食城市等)并非无用?&nbsp;(如都无实在，应当一概无用。)所以，假使都一样的没有色等外面境界，但有内识像是外面境界显现出来，那么，限定地方，限定时候，不限定谁人，有作用的东西，这四层都就不该有了。</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 21pt">&nbsp;</p>
<p><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <strong>[</strong></span><strong>原文<span>]非皆不成。颂曰：</span></strong></p>
<p><strong><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></strong><strong>处时定如梦，身不定如鬼，同见脓河等，如梦损有用。<span>(二)</span></strong></p>
<p><strong><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></strong><strong>论曰：如梦，意说如梦所见，谓如梦中虽无实境，而或有处见有村园男女等物，非一切处。即于是处或时见有彼村园等，非一切时。由此虽无离识实境而处时定非不得成。说如鬼言，显如饿鬼。河中脓满，故名脓河，如说酥瓶，其中酥满。谓如饿鬼同业异熟，多身共集，皆见脓河，非于此中定唯一见。等言显示或见粪等，及见有情执持刀杖遮捍守护，不令得食。由此虽无离识实境，而多相续不定义成。又如梦中境虽无实，而有损失精血等用。由此虽无离识实境，而有虚妄作用义成。如是且依别别譬喻，显处定等四义得成。</strong></p>
<p><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; [</span>语译<span>]就是说唯识，那四层道理也都非不能成功。颂曰：</span></p>
<p><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>这也会有时间空间的限定，如在梦中。</p>
<p><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>也会不限定那一个人，如许多的饿鬼一齐看见脓河等。</p>
<p><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>也会有用，如梦中遗精。<span>(二)</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 21pt">论曰：&#8220;如梦&#8221;这一句话，意思说如在梦中所见的，这是说，梦中虽然没有实在的境界，却是有地方便会见着村园男女等物，并不是一切地方都能见得。就在这个地方有时候便会见得那些村园男女等物，亦不是一切的时候都能见得。由这样看来，虽然没有离开识的实在境界，也可以有地方时间的一定限制，这种道理并不是不得成立。如饿鬼这句话，意思是说像那些饿鬼。什么叫脓河呢<span>?河里面都满着脓血所以叫他是脓河，(正如同瓶里面满了酥就叫做酥瓶一样。)这是说许多饿鬼们共聚在一块儿，因为同样的业力，得着同样的果&nbsp;报，便都看得见脓河，并不是他们中间只有一个鬼见得。等这一个字，是说还有时候会看见尿粪等，或者看见有人拿着刀杖守卫防护着，不教他们得去吃那些东西。由这样看来，虽然没有离开识的实在境界，却是不限定那一个人。这一层也可以成立了。又譬如在睡梦中间，虽然境界不实在，也会有遗失精血等功用。这样，姑且拿各别的譬喻来成立地方时间都有限定等四种道理。</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 21pt">&nbsp;</p>
<p><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <strong>[</strong></span><strong>原文<span>]复次颂曰：</span></strong></p>
<p><strong><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></strong><strong>一切如地狱，同见狱卒等，能为逼害事，故四义皆成。<span>(三)</span></strong></p>
<p><strong><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></strong><strong>论曰：应知此中一地狱喻，显处定等一切皆成。如地狱言，显在地狱受逼害苦诸有情类，谓地狱中虽无真实有情数摄狱卒等事，而彼有情，同业异熟增上力故，同处同时众多相续，皆共见有狱卒、狗、乌铁山等物，来至其所，为逼害事。由此虽无离识实境，而处定等四义皆成。何缘不许狱卒等类是实有情<span>?不应理故；且此不应捺落迦摄，不受如彼所受苦故。互相逼害，应不可立彼捺落迦，此狱卒等，形量力既等，应不极相怖。应自不能忍受铁地炎热猛焰&nbsp;恒烧燃苦，云何于彼能逼害他?非捺落迦，不应生彼。</span></strong></p>
<p><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; [</span>语译<span>]又颂曰：</span></p>
<p><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>那一切<span>(四层)的事理如在地狱里，</span></p>
<p><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>大家同时同地方同看见狱卒等，</p>
<p><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>能作许多逼害他们的事情，</p>
<p><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>故四层义理都能发生。<span>(三)</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 21pt">论曰：应当知道，这里是拿一个地狱的譬喻，来显明限定地方、时间等一切道理都能成立。如在地狱里这一句话，是表白在地狱中受逼害痛苦的那些众生<span>(生物)，这是说地狱当中虽然没有真的看管地狱的狱卒等等生物，可是生在地狱中间一般生物，因为同样行为所得果报的力量，所以同一个地方，同一个时间，大家都看见有狱卒、狗、乌铁山等东西来到他们的地方作那些逼害他们的事情。由这样情形，虽然没有离开识的实在境界，可是限定地方等等四层义理都能成立。为什么不承认狱卒等是实在的生物呢?这是因为不合道理的缘故。第一层，这些狱卒就不应算是地狱一类，因为他们并没有受像地狱里所受的那样的苦。第二层，&nbsp;(要是算在地狱里呢，)那互相逼害的事实就应当不能成立，因为那些是地狱的生物，这些是狱卒等，两者形体大小能力既然相等，应当没有个会怕，也没有个能使他怕。并且狱卒亦应当自己就忍不了铁地上的热和大火常烧燃着那样的苦等，又怎样会在那里逼害其余的生物呢?</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 21pt">&nbsp;</p>
<p><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <strong>[</strong></span><strong>原文<span>]如何天上现有傍生?地狱亦然，有傍生鬼为狱卒等。此救不然。颂曰：</span></strong></p>
<p><strong><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></strong><strong>如天上傍生，地狱中不尔。所执傍生鬼，不受彼苦故。<span>(四)</span></strong></p>
<p><strong><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></strong><strong>论曰：诸有傍生生天上者，必有能感彼器乐业，生彼定受器所生乐。非狱卒等受地狱中器所生苦，故不应许傍生鬼趣生捺落迦。</strong></p>
<p><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; [</span>语译<span>]如说狱卒等不是地狱一类就不应当生在地狱里，为什么天上会发现有鸟畜等?照这样看来，地狱也可以有畜生饿鬼做狱卒等。这种辩护是不对的。颂曰：</span></p>
<p><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>如天上会有畜生，</p>
<p><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>而地狱中间就不然。</p>
<p><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>因为你所主张的地狱中间的傍生鬼，</p>
<p><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>不能忍受地狱苦的缘故。<span>(四)</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 21pt">论曰：这些<span>(傍生)鸟生在天上的，必定先有一种能够得着那世界快乐的行为，生在那地方，就一定受那世界所有的快乐。但是狱卒等就不会受地狱中世界所生的苦，所以不应允许畜生饿鬼一类生在地狱中。</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 21pt">&nbsp;</p>
<p><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <strong>[</strong></span><strong>原文<span>]若尔，应许彼捺落迦业增上力生异大种，起胜形、显、量、力差别，于彼施设狱卒等名。为生彼怖，变现种种动手足等差别作用。如羝羊山乍离乍合，刚铁林刺，或低或昂，非事全无。然不应理。颂曰：</span></strong></p>
<p><strong><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></strong><strong>若许由业力，有异大种生，起如是转变，于识何不许<span>?(五)</span></strong></p>
<p><strong><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></strong><strong>论曰：何缘不许识由业力如是转变，而执大种<span>?</span></strong></p>
<p><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; [</span>语译<span>]照这样说，我就可说这是从前所做地狱的行为的力量，生出特别的物质，成功特别的形状颜色质量能力的生物，就说这些就叫做狱卒等。因为要使一般地狱众生生恐怖，变现出种种动手动足等不同的作用。也像那羝羊山忽然离开忽然并拢，又像铁刺林的刺忽然的低下去忽然的高起来。这种事情也是有的，但是在这里，道理上说不去。颂曰：</span></p>
<p><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>假如允许是由行为的力量，</p>
<p><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>而有不同的物质，</p>
<p><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>生起这样的变化，</p>
<p><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>为什么不就许是识的变化呢<span>?(五)</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 21pt">论曰：为什么缘故不就许是地狱生物的心里由行为的力量而有这样的变化，却要一定执着那些物质呢<span>?</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 21pt">&nbsp;</p>
<p><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <strong>[</strong></span><strong>原文<span>]复次，颂曰：</span></strong></p>
<p><strong><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></strong><strong>业熏习余处，执余处有果。所熏识有果，不许有何因<span>?(六)</span></strong></p>
<p><strong><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></strong><strong>论曰：执捺落迦由自业力，生差别大种，起形等转变。彼业熏习理，应许在识相续中，不在余处。有熏习处汝便不许有果转变，无熏习处翻执有果，此有何因？</strong></p>
<p><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; [</span>语译<span>]其次，颂曰：</span></p>
<p><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (</span>你说<span>)行为熏习在心内，</span></p>
<p><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>而执定心外有形等的变化。</p>
<p><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>何以不就许在所熏的识内，</p>
<p><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>有这样的变化<span>?(六)</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 21pt">论曰：你固执地狱是从自己行为的力量生出不同的物质，而起形状等的变化。但是那个行为的熏习，按理应当允许在心理上，不应当在心外。有熏习的地方<span>(心内)，你不许有形状等转变，无熏习的地方(心外)，你翻执着有形等转变，这有什么理由呢?</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 21pt">&nbsp;</p>
<p><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <strong>[</strong></span><strong>原文<span>]有教为因。谓若唯识似色等现，无别色等，佛不应说有色等处。此教非因，有别意故。颂曰：</span></strong></p>
<p><strong><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></strong><strong>依彼所化生，世尊密意趣，说有色等处，如化生有情。<span>(七)</span></strong></p>
<p><strong><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></strong><strong>论曰：如佛说有化生有情，彼但依心相续不断，能往后世，密意趣说，不说实有化生有情。说&#8220;无有情我，但有法因&#8221;故。说色等处，契经亦尔，依所化生宜受彼教，密意趣说，非别实有。</strong></p>
<p><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; [</span>语译<span>]有佛说的话可以作理由。这是说，假如但有识像那些色等显现在识以外，并没有别的色等，那么，佛就不应当说实有色等&#8220;处&#8221;种类的法门。这种佛说，不成这里的理由，因为那里面含有别的意思的缘故。颂曰：</span></p>
<p><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>佛依着他所教化的众生，</p>
<p><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>含着深密的意思，</p>
<p><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>说有色等&#8220;处&#8221;种类的法，</p>
<p><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>如同<span>(说)&#8220;变化所生的众生&#8221;一样。(七)</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 21pt">论曰：像佛说有&#8220;化生众生&#8221;，这不过依着心的相续不断能往到后世去的密意来说，并不是说实有那化生众生。因为常说&#8220;没有众生，但有各样的事&#8221;的缘故。说&#8220;色等&#8216;处&#8217;种类的法&#8221;的经文，亦是这样，佛依着他所教化的众生应当受那样的教，就含了深密意思而说，不是另外实有的。</p>
<p style="text-indent: 21pt">&nbsp;</p>
<p><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <strong>[</strong></span><strong>原文<span>]依何密意说色等十?颂曰：</span></strong></p>
<p><strong><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></strong><strong>识从自种生，似境相而转。为成内外处，佛说彼为十。<span>(八)</span></strong></p>
<p><strong><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></strong><strong>论曰：此说何义<span>?似色现识从自种子缘合转变差别而生，佛依彼种及所现色，如次说为眼处、色处。如是乃至，似触现识，从自种子缘合转变差别而生，佛依彼种及所现触，如次说为身处、触处。依斯密意说色等十。</span></strong></p>
<p><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; [</span>语译<span>]依着那一种深密的意思说色等十&#8220;处&#8221;呢?(色声香味触眼耳鼻舌身共十)颂曰：</span></p>
<p><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>识是从自己的种子发生，</p>
<p><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>并且显现像外面境相而起。</p>
<p><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>佛为要成立内外&#8220;处&#8221;种类的法，</p>
<p><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>依着这种密意说那些为十处。<span>(八)</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 21pt">论曰：这是说什么意义呢<span>?像色显现的识，从他自己的种子因缘和合转变不同而发生，佛就依着那个种子同他所显现的色，顺着次序就说做眼处色处。像这样子，一直说到像触显现的识从他自己种子缘合转变差别而生，佛依着那个种子同所显现触觉顺次说为身处触处。依着这种深密的意思说色等十。</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 21pt">&nbsp;</p>
<p><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <strong>[</strong></span><strong>原文<span>]此密意说有何胜利?颂曰：</span></strong></p>
<p><strong><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></strong><strong>依此教能人，数取趣无我。所执法无我，复依余教人。<span>(九)</span></strong></p>
<p><strong><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></strong><strong>论曰：依此所说十二处教，受化者，能人数取趣无我。谓若了知，从六二法，有六识转，都无见者乃至知者，应受有情无我教者，便能悟人有情无我。复依此余说唯识教，受化者能人所执法无我。谓若了知唯识现似色等法起，此中都无色等相法，应受诸法无我教者，便能悟人诸法无我。若知诸法一切种无，人法无我，是则唯识亦毕竟无，何所安立<span>?非知诸法一切种无，乃得名为人法无我，然达愚夫遍计所执自性差别诸法无我，如是乃名人法无我，非诸佛境离言法性亦都无故名法无我。余识所执此唯识性，其体亦无，名法无我。不尔，余识所执境有，则唯识理应不得成，许诸余识有实境故。由此道理，说立唯识教，普令悟人一切法无我，非一切种拨有性故。</span></strong></p>
<p><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; [</span>语译<span>]这样深密意思的说，究有什么利益呢?颂曰：</span></p>
<p><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>依了这个教理，</p>
<p><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>就能悟人&#8220;众生无我&#8221;。</p>
<p><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>另外所执的&#8220;法无我&#8221;，</p>
<p><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>又依着其余的教理悟人。<span>(九)</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 21pt">论曰：依了这里所说的十二处教理，受教化的人就能悟人众生无我。这是说，若懂得从六种二样法有六识起来，并没有真能见的&#8220;我&#8221;，以至于真能知的&#8220;我&#8221;，应当受众生无我教训的，就能悟入众生无我。再依着其余所说的唯识教理，受教化的人便能悟人所执着的法是无我。这是说，若明白了知但从识显现像色等法起来，这里面完全没有色等相貌的法，那应当受诸法无我教训的人，就能悟人诸法无我。假使要知道诸法一切都无才悟人法无我，那么，这样唯识的道理也是究竟没有的，又从那里能建立呢<span>?这并不是懂得诸法一切都无，才能说为人法无我，不过是要通达愚夫虚妄分别所执着的那些自性的法(本身)分别的法(各方面)都是无我，这样才可以说人法无我，并不是连诸佛的境界离言的法性也都没有才说是法无我。但是另外的识要执着这唯识自身呢，那也是没有实在的，这也名为法无我。不是这样呢，余识所执着的境就会有，那么唯识的道理应当不得成立，因为承认另外诸识有实在的境界故，由这样道理说立唯识教义普遍的使人悟入一切法无我，并不是无论什么会有的事体都在排除之列。</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 21pt">&nbsp;</p>
<p><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <strong>[</strong></span><strong>原文<span>]复云何知佛依如是密意趣说有色等处，非别实有色等外法为色等识各别境耶?颂曰：</span></strong></p>
<p><strong><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></strong><strong>以彼境非一。亦非多极微，又非和合等，极微不成故。<span>(&#8212;&#9675;)</span></strong></p>
<p><strong><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></strong><strong>论曰：此何所说<span>?谓若实有外色等处，与色等识各别为境，如是外境或应是一，如胜论者执有分色；或应是多，如执实有众多极微各别为境；或应多极微和合及和集，如执实有众多极微皆共和合、和集为境。且彼外境，理应非一，有分色体，异诸分色不可取故；理亦非多，极微各别，不可取故；又理非和合，或和集为境，一实极微理不成故。</span></strong></p>
<p><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; [</span>语译<span>]再难说，怎样知道佛是依着这个深密意思说有色等处，并非另外有色等外法分别的做色等识的境界呢?颂曰：</span></p>
<p><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>因为那个外境界不是一个整个的。</p>
<p><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>也不是许多极微细的<span>(分子)，</span></p>
<p><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>又不是<span>(极微)和合成的，</span></p>
<p><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>因为极微这样东西就不能成立的缘故。<span>(&#8212;&#9675;)</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 21pt">论曰：这是说什么<span>?是说假使实在有心外色等处，各别的对于色等识做(他们的)境界，这样外境或者应当是一个整个的，如外道胜论一派的人主张&#8220;有部分的&#8221;色；或者应当是多分的，如主张实在有许多极微分别的来做境界；或者应当说许多极微的和合起来或和集起来，如主张实在有许多极微的物质都和合和集来做境界。但是，第一层外境按着道理就不应当是一个整个的，因为那些&#8220;分&#8221;色以外另有个有分色体，这是得不着的；道理上亦不是多的，说极微种种各各不同，又是得不着的；又道理上不是和合或者和集成为境界的，一个一个实在极微细的，道理上就不成立故。</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 21pt">&nbsp;</p>
<p><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <strong>[</strong></span><strong>原文<span>]云何不成?颂曰：</span></strong></p>
<p><strong><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></strong><strong>极微与六合，一应成六分。若与六同处，聚应如极微。<span>(一一)</span></strong></p>
<p><strong><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></strong><strong>论曰：若一极微六方各与一极微合，应成六分。一处无容有余处故。一极微处，若有六微，应诸聚色如极微量，展转相望，不过量故，则应聚色亦不可见。</strong></p>
<p><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; [</span>语译<span>]何以说极微在道理上不能成立呢?颂曰：</span></p>
<p><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>一个极微同另外六个极微相合，</p>
<p><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>就应当有六个部分<span>(方面)。</span></p>
<p><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>假使说一个极微同另外六个极微同在一块儿<span>(没有六方面)，</span></p>
<p><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>那末，聚合起来的东西也应当同那个原来极微一样大。<span>(一一)</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 21pt">论曰：若是一个极微六方面的各方面同其余的一个一个极微相合，就应成为六个部分，<span>(不得谓之极微。)因为在每一方面不能再容有其他方面的缘故，所以要有六方面。假使就在一个地方有六个极微，那末，聚合起来的东西也应和极微一样分量，互相看来总不超出那个分量的缘故，那么，和合的东西(如山河大地)也就和极微一样的不能看见了。</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 21pt">&nbsp;</p>
<p><span>&nbsp;&nbsp; <strong>&nbsp;[</strong></span><strong>原文<span>]迦湿弥罗国毗婆沙师言，非诸极微有相合义，无方分故，离如前失。但诸聚色有相合理，有方分故。此亦不然。颂曰：</span></strong></p>
<p><strong><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></strong><strong>极微既无合，聚有合者谁<span>?或相合不成，不由无方分。(&#8212;二)</span></strong></p>
<p><strong><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></strong><strong>论曰：今应诘彼，所说理趣，既异极微无别聚色，极微无合，聚合者谁<span>?若转救言，聚色展转亦无合义，则不应言，&#8220;极微无合，无方分故&#8221;。聚有方分亦不许合，故极微无合不由无方分。是故一实极微不成。</span></strong></p>
<p><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; [</span>语译<span>]迦湿弥罗国的毗婆沙师说，并非这些极微有相合的道理，因为没有方分的缘故，可以免了上面的过失。但是这些聚色就有相合的道理，因为有方分的缘故。此样说法也是不对的。颂曰：</span></p>
<p><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>聚极微既然没有相合，</p>
<p><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>聚色之有相合是怎样来的呢<span>?</span></p>
<p><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>或者，相合的不成功，</p>
<p><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>不是因为没有方分。<span>(&#8212;二)</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 21pt">论曰：现在应当问他，所说的道理，既然离了极微没有特别的聚色，极微没有相合，那么聚色的相合又怎成功呢<span>?若是转过来辩护说，聚色相望也没有合的意义，那么，不应说&#8220;极微没有相合，因为没有方分的缘故&#8221;。因为聚有了方分也不见得就可以相合，所以极微的无相合不因为没有方分。是故一个实在的极微不能成立。</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 21pt">&nbsp;</p>
<p><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <strong>[</strong></span><strong>原文<span>]又许极微合与不合，其过且尔。若许极微有分五分，俱为大失。所以者何?颂曰：</span></strong></p>
<p><strong><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></strong><strong>极微有方分，理不应成一。无应影障无。聚不异，无二。<span>(&#8212;三)</span></strong></p>
<p><strong><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></strong><strong>论曰：以一极微六方分异，多分为体，云何成一<span>?若一极微无异方分，日轮才举光照触时，云何余边得有影现?以无余分光所不及。又执极微无方分者，云何此彼展转相障?以无余分他所不行，可说此彼展转相碍。既不相碍，应诸极微展转处同，则诸色聚同一极微量，过如前说。&#8220;云何不许影障属聚不属极微?&#8221;&#8220;岂异极微，许有聚色发影为障?&#8221;&#8220;不尔。&#8221;&#8220;若尔，聚应无二，谓若聚色不异极微，影障应成不属聚色。&#8221;觉慧分析安布差别，立为极微，或立为聚，俱非一实。</span></strong></p>
<p><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; [</span>语译<span>]又允许极微合或不合，他的错处且如上所说。若是允许极微有分无分，两者也都是大错。这是什么理由呢?颂曰：</span></p>
<p><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>极微有方面部分，</p>
<p><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>按理不应当成为一。</p>
<p><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>无方面部分，应当影障都无。</p>
<p><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>聚不异极微，应当也无影障。<span>(&#8212;三)</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 21pt">论曰：因一个极微既然六方面各有不同的部分，便是以多部分为其体，何以说他成为一个呢<span>?若是每一极微没有不同的方面部分，那么，日轮才发光来照着的时候，何以其余的一边得有影子现出来呢?因为此外没有一部分是光所不能照及的，&nbsp;(就不应有影子。)又有人执着，极微没有方分的，何以彼此相望互相障碍?因为此外没有一部分是其他所不能到的，而可说彼此相碍的道理。既不互相障碍，应当这些极微相望同在一处，那么，这些色聚起来也还是一极微的分量，其过失如前所说。(若与六同处，聚应如极微)，&#8220;(外)何以不允许影与障属于聚色不属于极微?&#8221;&#8220;(内)难道在极微以外可允许有聚色发影为障吗?(聚由极微成，非有别外聚。)&#8221;&#8220;(外)不是这样(意谓极微与聚质同)。&#8221;&#8220;(内)那么，聚色也应当没有影和障，这就是说聚色与极微没有不同，影障既不属极微，也就应当不属聚色。&#8221;要知道这是人心思上分析安立布置的不同，立为极微，或立为聚色，都没有一个而且实在的东西。</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 21pt">&nbsp;</p>
<p><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <strong>[</strong></span><strong>原文<span>]何用思择极微聚为，犹未能遮外色等相?此复何相?谓眼等境，亦是青等实色等性。应共审思，此眼等境，青等实性，为一为多?设尔，何失?二俱有过，多过如前．一亦非理。颂曰：</span></strong></p>
<p><strong><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></strong><strong>一应无次行，俱时至未至。及多有间事。并难见细物。<span>(&#8212;四)</span></strong></p>
<p><strong><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></strong><strong>论曰：若无隔别，所有青等眼所行境，执为一物，应无渐次行大地理，若下一足至一切故。又应俱时，于此于彼，无至未至。一物一时，理不应有得未得故。又一方处，应不得有多象马等有间隙事。若处有一，亦即有余，云何此彼可辨差别<span>?或二如何可于一处有至不至，中间见空?又亦应无小水虫等难见细物。彼与粗物同一处所，量应等故。若谓由相此彼差别，即成别物，不由余义，则定应许此差别物，展转分析成多极微。已辨极微非一实物，是则离识眼等色等，若根若境，皆不得成。由此善成唯有识义。</span></strong></p>
<p><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; [</span>语译<span>] (外)现在可用不着议论极微聚色这些话，你对于外色等等的相可还不是没有破除了?(内)这又是怎样的呢?(外)是说眼等的境界，也就是青黄等实有的色等性(相)。 (内)这应当大家详细地想一想，这眼等境、青黄等实有的性，还是整个的呢?还是部分集合的呢?&nbsp;(外)假设是一是多，又有什么过失?(内)说一或多都有过失，说多的过失，如前已经说过(见第十颂以下)，说一也不合道理。颂曰：</span></p>
<p><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>说是整个的一，</p>
<p><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>应当没有依次走路的道理，</p>
<p><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>应当没有同一时候会有走到有走不到的事。</p>
<p><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>又应没有许多象马合拢来中间有空隙的事。</p>
<p><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>并且应当没有难看见的微细东西。<span>(&#8212;四)</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 21pt">论曰：若所有青黄等眼所能见到的境界，没有彼此部分的分别，执定他是一个整个的，应当没有渐渐依次在大地上走路的道理，因为走了一只足，就会到了一切的地方的缘故。又应当在同一个时候这个地方那个地方没有走到走不到的说法。一样东西在一个时候依理不应当有得未得的缘故。又，一块地方应当不得有许多象马等合拢来中间有空隙的事。假使那地方有一马，也就会是有那个象，有象的地方也就会有那个马，怎样可以说彼此还能辨出差别<span>?或者这二种怎样可在一处有到有不到而中间见出空处来呢?又应当没有像小水虫那样难以看见的微细东西。因为那些和粗东西是同在一处，其分量应当相等的缘故。若是说从相一方面彼此有分别，所以就成了别的物件，并不是另外有道理，那么，就应决定允许这(相)分别不同的东西，就可以互相分析而成了许多微细。以前已经辨了极微不是一个实在东西，这样看来，若是离了识的眼等色等，或六根或六尘，都不得成立，由此就很好成立了&#8220;唯识&#8221;的道理。</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 21pt">&nbsp;</p>
<p><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <strong>[</strong></span><strong>原文<span>]诸法由量刊定有无，一切量中现量为胜。若无外境，宁有此觉我今现证如是境耶?此证不成。颂曰：</span></strong></p>
<p><strong><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></strong><strong>现觉如梦等。已起现觉时，见及境已无，宁许有现量<span>?</span></strong></p>
<p><strong><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></strong><strong>论曰：如梦等时，虽无外境，而亦得有如是现觉。余时现觉，应知亦尔。故彼引此为证不成。又若尔时有此现觉，我今现证如是色等，尔时于境能见已无。要在意识能分别故，时眼等识必已谢故。刹那论者有此觉时，色等现境亦皆已灭。如何此时许有现量<span>?</span></strong></p>
<p><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; [</span>语译<span>](外)一切的现象都是从知识来决定有没有，一切的知识中都是以直接经验的知识为最胜。若是没有外境，那里会有我现在直接经验到这样的境界的分别呢?这种证据不能成立。颂曰：</span></p>
<p><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>直接的知觉如在梦中等。</p>
<p><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>生起这样知觉的时候，</p>
<p><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>能经验的和所经验已经没有了，</p>
<p><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>那里可以允许有直接经验的知识<span>?(&#8212;五)</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 21pt">论曰：例如作梦的时候，虽然没有外境，可是也得有这样直接经验的知觉。在梦以外醒的时候，直接经验的知觉应当知道也是一样。所以他引这个作证据就不能成立。又如在那时候有这种&#8220;我现在能直接明白有这样的色等&#8221;直接经验的知觉，要知道也就是在那时候对那境界能经验的事已经没有了。因为必须到意识才能分别有没有的缘故，等到分别的时候，眼等识倒又早已过去了。主张刹那论的人，也说等到有这种知觉的时候，色等显现的境界也都早已消灭了。怎样这有知觉的时候还允许有直接经验的知识呢<span>?</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 21pt">&nbsp;</p>
<p><span>&nbsp;&nbsp; <strong>&nbsp;[</strong></span><strong>原文<span>]要曾现受意识能忆，是故决定有曾受境，见此境者许为现量，由斯外境实有义成。如是要由先受后忆，证有外境，理亦不成。何以故?颂曰：</span></strong></p>
<p><strong><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></strong><strong>如说似境识，从此生忆念。</strong></p>
<p><strong><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></strong><strong>论曰：如前所说，虽无外境，而眼识等似外境现，从此后位与念相应，分别意识似前境现，即说此为忆曾所受。故以后忆，证先所见实有外境，其理不成。</strong></p>
<p><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; [</span>语译<span>]依着道理，一定从前曾有过直接感觉，后来意识才能够记忆，因(我们有记忆)决定就有曾经感觉的境界。而能感觉这种境界的便说他是直接经验，由这样情形，识以外实有境界，这一层意思可以成立了。按这样说&#8220;要先感觉而后记忆&#8221;来证明有外面的境界，这在道理上也不能成立。这是什么缘故呢?颂曰：</span></p>
<p><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>如从前说过的，</p>
<p><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>是心里显现似外面的境界，</p>
<p><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>而从这样后来生起记忆。</p>
<p style="text-indent: 21pt">论曰：像从前说过的，虽然没有外面境界，却是眼识等像是外面境界而显现的，从此后来和所谓&#8220;念&#8221;的一种心理作用相应，而分别意识就像从前的境界显现，就说这样情形是记忆从前所感觉的。所以用后起的记忆来证明以前所看见的是实有识外的境界，这在道理上是不能成立的。</p>
<p style="text-indent: 21pt">&nbsp;</p>
<p><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <strong>[</strong></span><strong>原文<span>]若如梦中虽无实境而识得起，觉时亦然，如世自知梦境非有，觉时既尔，何不自知?即不自知觉境非有，宁如梦识实境皆无?此亦非证。颂曰：</span></strong></p>
<p><strong><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></strong><strong>未觉不能知，梦所见非有。<span>(&#8212;六)</span></strong></p>
<p><strong><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></strong><strong>论曰：如未觉位，不知梦境非外实有，觉时乃知，如是世间，虚妄分别，串习昏熟如在梦中，诸有所见，皆非实有，未得真觉，不能自知。若时得彼出世对治无分别智，即名真觉。此后所得世间净智现在前位，如实了知彼境非实。其义平等。</strong></p>
<p><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; [</span>语译<span>](外)若是说&#8220;像在睡梦中虽然没有实在的境界而能有心理作用起来，在觉悟的时候也是一样&#8221;，但是好像世人自己知道睡梦中的境界是没有的，醒觉的时候既还是那样，何以就不能自己知道?既然不能自己知道醒觉时的境界是没有，又那里知道梦里识所生的实在境界都没有呢?这也不成证据。颂曰：</span></p>
<p><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>没有醒觉的时候不能知道，</p>
<p><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>梦里所见的是没有。<span>(&#8212;六)</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 21pt">论曰：如没有醒来的时候，就不知道梦里的境界并非在外面实有的，一定要醒的时候才知道。像这样在世间颠倒<span>(虚妄)的分别习惯了、昏迷了，如同在睡梦中一样，那些所有的经验(本来)都不是实有的。可是还没有得着真正的觉悟，所以不能自己知道的。若是一个时候得到那出世间可以对治的无分别智，这才叫做真正觉悟。从此以后又会得到世间的净智现前，那时便真的了别知道那境界不是实在(与梦无异)。这两层事理是一样的。</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 21pt">&nbsp;</p>
<p><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <strong>[</strong></span><strong>原文<span>]若诸有情，由自相续转变差别，似境识起，不由外境为所缘生，彼诸有情近善恶友，闻正邪法，二识决定，既无友教，此云何成?非不得成。颂曰：</span></strong></p>
<p><strong><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></strong><strong>展转增上力，二识成决定。</strong></p>
<p><strong><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></strong><strong>论曰：以诸有情自他相续诸识展转为增上缘，随其所应二识决定。谓余相续识差别故，令余相续差别识生，各成决定，不由外境。</strong></p>
<p><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; [</span>语译<span>]如果那些众生都各从他们自身的变现不同而有像境界的心理生起来，并不从外面的境界做&#8220;所缘&#8221;而生，但是那些众生靠近好朋友听得好教训，或靠近坏朋友听得坏教训而决定有善恶二识，假使没有(外面的)朋友和教训这样的事，又怎能成功呢?&nbsp;(辩者意谓友教来自外境，非心内所生。)这并非不能成功。颂曰：</span></p>
<p><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>相互感应的力量，</p>
<p><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>而善恶二识会成决定。</p>
<p style="text-indent: 21pt">论曰：因为那些众生从自身和他身的心理相互的做&#8220;一种有力的因果关系&#8221;<span>(增上缘)，就随事适当的有善恶二识的决定。这是说因这一众生的不同心理会叫另一众生的不同心理生了起来而各自决定，并不要从外境才生。</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 21pt">&nbsp;</p>
<p><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <strong>[</strong></span><strong>原文<span>]若如梦中境虽无实，而识得起，觉时亦然，何缘梦觉，造善恶行，爱非爱果，当受不同?颂曰：</span></strong></p>
<p><strong><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></strong><strong>心由睡眠坏，梦觉果不同。<span>(&#8212;七)</span></strong></p>
<p><strong><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></strong><strong>论曰：在梦位心，由睡眠坏，势力羸劣。觉心不尔。故所造行，当受异熟胜劣不同，非由外境。</strong></p>
<p><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; [</span>语译<span>]如果说&#8220;像在睡梦中虽然没有实在的境界，而识仍旧能起来，醒的时候也是一样&#8221;，何以在梦的时候和醒的时候造作善恶的行为，将来所受的结果会有好与不好的不同呢?颂曰：</span></p>
<p><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>心因被睡眠所坏，</p>
<p><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>梦中和醒来的果报不同。<span>(&#8212;七)</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 21pt">论曰：在睡梦的时候，心因被睡眠所坏而势力微弱。醒来时候的心可就不然。所以这两个时候所造的行为，将来受报也就有胜劣的不同，这并不是依外面的境界而然。</p>
<p style="text-indent: 21pt">&nbsp;</p>
<p><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <strong>[</strong></span><strong>原文<span>]若唯有识，无身语等，羊等云何为他所杀?若羊等死不由他害，屠者云何得杀生罪?颂曰：</span></strong></p>
<p><strong><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></strong><strong>由他识转变，有杀害事业。如鬼等意力，令他失念等。<span>(&#8212;八)</span></strong></p>
<p><strong><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></strong><strong>论曰：如由鬼等意念势力，令他有情失念得梦，或着魅等变异事成；具神通者意念势力，令他梦中见种种事，如大迦多衍那意愿势力，令婆刺孥王等，梦见异事；又如阿练若仙人意愤势力，令吠摩质咀利王梦见异事。如是由他识转变故，令他违害命根事起。应知死者，谓众同分，由识变异，相续断灭。</strong></p>
<p><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; [</span>语译<span>]若只有心理作用，没有举止和言语等，羊等怎么会被他人所杀呢?假使羊等之死并不是由他人所杀，屠人又怎么得到杀生的罪呢?颂曰：</span></p>
<p><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>由他人心理转变，</p>
<p><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>而有杀害的事业。</p>
<p><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>譬如鬼等意力，</p>
<p><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>能叫他人失念等等。<span>(&#8212;八)</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 21pt">论曰：像从鬼等意思的势力，能使其余众生失念得梦，或遇着魅等等变异之事；又具有神通者意思的势力，能叫其他的人梦里看见种种事情，例如大迦多衍的意愿势力能叫婆刺孥王等梦里看见奇异的事；又如阿练若仙人的意愤势力能叫吠摩质咀利王梦里看见奇异的事。像这样由他人心理转变的缘故，就能叫此人有违害命根的事起来，<span>(这就是死。)应当知道所谓&#8220;死&#8221;，不过是说因心理的改变，众同分(类别的事实)本来相续着的，而今断绝了而已。</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 21pt">&nbsp;</p>
<p><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <strong>[</strong></span><strong>原文<span>]复次颂曰：</span></strong></p>
<p><strong><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></strong><strong>弹咤迦等空，云何由仙忿<span>?意罚为大罪，此复云何成?(&#8212;九)</span></strong></p>
<p><strong><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></strong><strong>论曰：若不许由他识转变增上力故他有情死，云何世尊为成意罚是大罪故，返问长者邬波离言，汝颇曾闻何因缘故，弹咤迦林末蹬伽林羯陵伽林皆空闲寂<span>?长者白佛言，乔答摩，我闻由仙意愤恚故。若执神鬼敬重仙人知嫌为杀彼有情类，不但由仙意愤恚者，云何引彼成立意罚为大罪性过于身语?由此应知但由仙忿，彼有情死，理善成立。</span></strong></p>
<p><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; [</span>语译<span>]其次，颂曰：</span></p>
<p><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>弹咤迦等变成空地，</p>
<p><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>怎么会从仙人气忿而然<span>?</span></p>
<p><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>意罚是大罪，</p>
<p><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>又怎样会成立呢<span>?(&#8212;九)</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 21pt">论曰：若是不允许&#8220;因为此众生心理转换改变的力量而能叫彼等众生死&#8221;，何以佛在经里面，因为欲成立&#8220;意罚是大罪&#8221;一层道理，而返问长者邬波离说，你曾经听见为什么缘故弹咤迦林末蹬伽林羯陵伽林都空旷清闲寂寞呢<span>?长者对佛说，乔答摩(佛的姓)，我听说是因为修道人的意念忿恨的缘故。若是主张敬重修道的神鬼知道他所恨的而替他杀那些众生，不仅由修道人的意念忿恨，何以佛要引这一件事来成立意罚是大罪性而有甚于身罪、语罪呢?由此应当知道但由修道人的忿恨以致彼众生于死，这在道理上才很妥当的成立。</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 21pt">&nbsp;</p>
<p><span>&nbsp;&nbsp; <strong>&nbsp;[</strong></span><strong>原文<span>]若唯有识，诸他心智，知他心不?设尔，何失?若不能知，何谓他心智?若能知者，唯识应不成。虽知他心，然不如实。颂曰：</span></strong></p>
<p><strong><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></strong><strong>他心智云何知境不如实<span>?如知自心智。不知如佛境。(二&#9675;)</span></strong></p>
<p><strong><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></strong><strong>论曰：诸他心智云何于境不如实知<span>?如自心智。此自心智云何于境不如实知?由无知故。二智于境各由无知所覆蔽故，不知如佛净智所行不可言境。此二于境不如实知，由似外境虚妄显现故，所取能取分别未断故。</span></strong></p>
<p><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; [</span>语译<span>]若是只有心理作用，试问一切&#8220;他心智&#8221;能够知道他人的心吗?假设如此，又有什么过失呢?若是不能知道他人的心，何以说是他心智?若是能够知道他人的心，唯识应当不能成立。虽然能够知道他人的心，但是不能和实在他心一样。颂曰：</span></p>
<p><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>他心智怎样知道外境界而不能如实知道呢<span>?</span></p>
<p><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>譬如知道自心智。</p>
<p><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>因为不能知道如佛所知的境界。<span>(二&#9675;)</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 21pt">论曰：一切他心智何以说对于境界不能如实知道呢<span>?这譬如&#8220;自心智&#8221;。这&#8220;自心智&#8221;何以说对于境界不能如实知道呢?因为痴迷的缘故。&#8220;他心智和自心智&#8221;对于境界各由痴迷所遮盖的缘故，就不能知道像佛的净智所行的那样离言(自性)境界。所以这&#8220;他心智和自心智&#8221;对于境界就不能如实知道了，这因为像是外面境界颠倒显现的缘故，所取(指物)能取(指主观)分别没有断绝的缘故。</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 21pt">&nbsp;</p>
<p><span>&nbsp;&nbsp; <strong>&nbsp;[</strong></span><strong>原文<span>]唯识理趣，无边决择，品类差别，难度甚深。非佛谁能具广决择?颂曰：</span></strong></p>
<p><strong><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></strong><strong>我已随自能，略成唯识义。此中一切种，难思佛所行。<span>(二&#8212;) </span></strong></p>
<p><strong><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></strong><strong>论曰：唯识理趣品类无边，我随自能已略成立。余一切种非所思议，超诸寻思所行境故。如是理趣，唯佛所行。诸佛世尊于一切境及一切种，智无碍故。</strong></p>
<p><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; [</span>语译<span>]唯识的道理决择没有边际，种类也很不同，道理很深，难以测度。若不是佛，那个能具广大的决择呢?颂曰：</span></p>
<p><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>我已经随着自己的能力，</p>
<p><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>略微成立唯识的道理。</p>
<p><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>这里面的一切种类，</p>
<p><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>难思议得到佛所行的境界。<span>(二&#8212;)</span></p>
<p><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>论曰：唯识的道理品类没有边际，我随着自己的能力已经略微成立一点。其余的一切种类不是能够思想议论到的，超过一切寻求思想所修行境界的缘故。像这样的道理，只有佛所能行。一切佛世尊的智慧对于一切的境界和一切的种类，没有障碍的缘故。</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>整理者附识：《唯识二十论》，世亲造论，玄奘原译。吕澂先生的白话译本，题&#8220;二十唯识白话译本&#8221;<span> (吕先生讲述的抄录本，经吕先生亲自校改)，只有白话译文，没有原文，并且白话译文也只有&#8220;点顿&#8221;式断句。这次整理，依据《藏要》，将原文分段列入白话译本中，分别以[原文]及[语译]标出，并将原文、白话译文一并标以相应的新式标点。另，&#8220;译本&#8221;抄录中的个别笔误也予改正。</span></p></div><img src="http://www.cnblogs.com/rexhost/aggbug/1578334.html?type=1" width="1" height="1" alt=""/><p>评论: 0　<a href="http://www.cnblogs.com/rexhost/archive/2009/10/06/1578334.html#pagedcomment" target="_blank">查看评论</a>　<a href="http://www.cnblogs.com/rexhost/archive/2009/10/06/1578334.html#commentform" target="_blank">发表评论</a></p><hr/><p>最新新闻：<br/>· <a href="http://news.cnblogs.com/n/56793/" target="_blank">知名扩展 Firebug 的简化版登陆 Chrome</a><span style="color:gray">(2010-02-09 22:59)</span><br/>· <a href="http://news.cnblogs.com/n/56792/" target="_blank">Google 悄悄地启用 1e100.net，打枪地不要</a><span style="color:gray">(2010-02-09 22:57)</span><br/>· <a href="http://news.cnblogs.com/n/56791/" target="_blank">从 Google 代码库找到的好东西</a><span style="color:gray">(2010-02-09 22:46)</span><br/>· <a href="http://news.cnblogs.com/n/56789/" target="_blank">苹果在线商店临时关闭 或将推新Macbook</a><span style="color:gray">(2010-02-09 22:39)</span><br/>· <a href="http://news.cnblogs.com/n/56788/" target="_blank">豆瓣网推出豆瓣电台iPhone客户端</a><span style="color:gray">(2010-02-09 21:51)</span><br/></p><p>编辑推荐：<a href="http://news.cnblogs.com/n/56782/" target="_blank">2010年2月编程语言排行榜</a><br/></p><p>网站导航：<a href="http://www.cnblogs.com" target="_blank">博客园首页</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://home.cnblogs.com/" target="_blank">个人主页</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://news.cnblogs.com" target="_blank">新闻</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://home.cnblogs.com/ing/" target="_blank">闪存</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://home.cnblogs.com/group/" target="_blank">小组</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://space.cnblogs.com/q/" target="_blank">博问</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://space.cnblogs.com" target="_blank">社区</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://kb.cnblogs.com" target="_blank">知识库</a></p>]]></description></item><item><title>【EXLIBRIS】吕澂是谁？——汉语佛学最严重的遗忘 【ZZ】</title><link>http://www.cnblogs.com/rexhost/archive/2009/10/06/1578331.html</link><dc:creator>井上冰</dc:creator><author>井上冰</author><pubDate>Mon, 05 Oct 2009 16:05:00 GMT</pubDate><guid>http://www.cnblogs.com/rexhost/archive/2009/10/06/1578331.html</guid><description><![CDATA[<p>阅读: 109 评论: 2 作者: <a href="http://www.cnblogs.com/rexhost/" target="_blank">井上冰</a> 发表于 2009-10-06 00:05 <a href="http://www.cnblogs.com/rexhost/archive/2009/10/06/1578331.html" target="_blank">原文链接</a></p><p><strong>linked from <a href="http://www.neixue.org/news/people/20080622/125.html">http://www.neixue.org/news/people/20080622/125.html</a><br /><br />吕澂是谁？&#8212;&#8212;汉语佛学最严重的遗忘<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 李林</strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 遗忘吕澂，是当今汉语佛学界最严重的缺憾。</p>
<p>　　吕澂毕生的佛学研究，就是为佛法正本清源。在与之相关的纯文献意义上的佛学研究中，最重要也是最关键的，是&#8220;佛经堪同&#8221;和&#8220;佛经辨伪&#8221;，吕先生一人勘同出一百七十七部佛籍，在佛学史上旷古未有，当今佛学界没有不采纳他的堪同成果的！<br />　　然而他在佛经辨伪方面的成就，却引起了巨大争议，以至于遭到教界的冷淡或拒绝。<br />　　吕澂的专著引起教内强烈反映的主要原因，看来并非缘于学术观点不同&#8212;&#8212;在学术思想界一直有对佛教不利的观点和专著（尤其是在极左的意识形态下），比如范文澜的《唐代佛教》、胡适的禅宗研究（他完全否认六祖慧能的历史地位，而将神会抬得无以复加）和他对《虚云和尚年谱》的置疑等，也并没有没有使得教内那么群情愤涌。<br />　　难道是吕澂的居士身份才引起了如此大的争议？<br />　　至今学界和教界都对吕澂的居士身份表示认同，所以，吕澂的佛学成就并不是出自那些标榜&#8220;学术中立&#8221;的纯粹学者之手，而是中国佛教内部的信仰者对于自身所处教义的全面反省。因此，我们不能单纯地视之为学术界的研究成果。正因为吕澂的居士身份使教内异议者备感尴尬，所以攻击他的人有意回避他的信仰者身份，说他只是一个囿于考据的学者而已，没有什么佛教信仰，但是吕澂曾向他的重要论争对象熊十力表示，他&#8220;所得者，心教交参，千锤百炼&#8221;，绝非熊氏想像的&#8220;治经论&#8221;三字便可了事。</p>
<p>　　吕澂是谁？<br />　　吕澂（一八九六&#8212;&#8212;一九八九），原名吕渭，后改名澂，字秋逸，也作秋一、鹙子，江苏省丹阳县人。<br />　　吕澂自幼天资聪慧，刻苦向学，初级师范学校毕业后，便能独力阅毕大英百科全书。而献身佛法之刻苦修学，再加上出于宿慧之绝世天才，使得他精通梵、巴利、藏、日、英、法等各国语言，通过这些得心应手的基础工具，吕澂在解读、校勘梵、藏佛教原典方面取得了辉煌成就，并进一步了解世界佛学研究动态，突破了中国学者向来依靠传统华言译本藏经进行佛学探源的局限。<br />　　一九一一年，&#8220;中国近现代佛学之父&#8221;、金陵刻经处创办者杨仁山居士逝世，欧阳渐（竟无）继其业，负责刻经处的工作。一九一四年，欧阳渐在金陵刻经处设研究部，吕澂为第一批学人。一年后，吕澂赴日留学，进入日本高等预备学校深造，继而在日本美术学院专攻美术。<br />　　一九一五年，吕澂因为与留日学生共同反对日本侵略中国而罢学回国。随即为刘海粟先生聘任为上海美术专科学校教务长，先生时年仅二十岁。吕澂在上海美术专科学校任职约两年，在此其间，他结合教学，先后编撰了多种美术专著。如：《美学概论》、《美学浅说》、《现代美学思潮》、《西洋美术史》、《色彩学纲要》等，于一九三一至一九三三年间陆续由商务印书馆出版。<br />　　二十世纪初，汉语思想界有范寿康、吕澂、宗白华等 大力提倡&#8220;生命美学&#8221;，而首先在美术领域提出改革口号的就是吕澂。一九一八年，吕澂在《新青年》第六卷第一号上发表了一篇题为《美术革命》的文章，指出对中西古今的美术要公允客观地平等对待，特别是强调既要重视欧美美术的历史变迁，也要研究时兴的新派艺术及中国固有美术，这在中国美术界面对西方艺术的冲击正彷徨、徘徊、无所适从之际，尤其显得难能可贵。<br />　　&#8220;五四运动&#8221;时思潮纷起，人文宗教领域也全面展开了深刻的启蒙运动，其中陈独秀提出的&#8220;以美育代宗教&#8221;口号影响亦深焉。其实陈氏之思想，最早是受吕澂的启发而作的，陈独秀亲撰《美术革命&#183;答吕澂来信》一文，大声疾呼要学习西方绘画写实的精神：&#8220;若想把中国画改良，首先要革王画的命。因为要改良中国画，断不能不采用洋画写实的精神。&#8221;若不打倒王画，&#8220;实是输入写实主义改良中国画的最大障碍。&#8221;<br />　　&#8220;美术革命&#8221;口号的提出，引起了中国美术界空前激烈的争鸣，形成了&#8220;革新派&#8221;与&#8220;国粹派&#8221;两大阵营。这两派的力量悬殊是显而易见的。&#8220;革新派&#8221;倚靠西方文明对中国传统文化的强势冲击和&#8220;五四&#8221;新文化运动的历史潮流，在当时占有压倒性的优势。<br />　　这倒引起了我的另一个联想：我们的教内信徒对李叔同的出演《茶花女》、画西洋油画、引用人体模特及创作西洋音乐等津津乐道，赞许他是艺术界的绝世天才，以至于后来成为弘一法师的李叔同怎么看都披蒙上了传奇色彩。然而若论对美术史、艺术史、思想史的贡献，两人的高下自明。我这里并非拿吕澂来贬低李叔同，只是想说弘一法师并没有想象的那样&#8220;各个领域都达到了别人不能企及的高度&#8221;，作为一个法师也不该有那么浓重的神话色彩。<br />　　一九一八年，欧阳渐欲在刻经处筹办&#8220;支那内学院&#8221;，吕澂应其邀请，到金陵刻经处研究部工作，协助竟无先生筹建支那内学院。从此以后，吕澂悉废原有旧学，专心佛学研究，终生不逾。<br />　　一九二二年，支那内学院成立，欧阳渐为院长，吕澂任学务处主任。因吕澂字秋子，欧阳渐尝称他为&#8220;鹙子&#8221;，鹙子是释迦牟尼佛座下&#8220;智慧第一&#8221;的弟子舍利弗的华言译名，由此可见欧阳大师对吕澂的倚重。欧阳渐曾说：&#8220;先师咐嘱渐十余年来，得超敏缜密之秋一可以整理，得笃实宽裕之黄树因可以推广，吾其庶几乎！&#8221;<br />　　支那内学院刊印的《藏要》和其他各种佛典，是汉语佛教界迄今校勘最为精善的佛典版本，是内学院对近现代佛学发展作出的重大贡献。这一工作是由竟无先生发起、主持的，他亲自为其中的二十多种经论写了极有学术价值的序言，而各经论的校勘工作，则委托给了吕澂。《藏要》的校勘、出版，吕先生出力最多，贡献最大。诚如竟无先生所说的：&#8220;若夫继往开来之事，共建邦家之基，住宁二十五年不出户庭，蛩巨不离者，有吕秋一，《藏要》成，教义明，图书聚，修绠得。&#8221;（《经版图书展览缘起》）<br />　　除行政教学工作外，吕澂还从事了大量的基础佛学研究、佛典校勘与经籍整理的工作。这段时期，吕澂撰写《杂阿含经刊定记》、《声明略》、《佛典泛论》、《佛学研究法》、《印度佛教史略》和《因明纲要》。<br />　　一九二五年，吕澂又协助竟无先生在内学院研究部中创立了&#8220;法相大学&#8221;部，第一批招生达六十四名之多。吕澂在开学典礼上作重要讲演，阐明创立法相大学之宗旨是求&#8220;纯正佛法之全体&#8221;，而&#8220;并不拘限于法相一宗&#8221;。<br />　　一九二六年后，由于&#8220;北伐&#8221;方酣，支那内学院和当时另一佛学研究重镇武昌佛学院都先后为军队占用而停办，上百多间房舍的金陵刻经处只留下存放经书及日常作息的空间，支那内学院也只剩下吕澂和邱晞明陪侍欧阳渐，继续研究工作。<br />　　一九三七年，中日战争爆发，未几，战火蔓延到南方。欧阳渐率领部份门人弟子由吕澂护送大批重要资料前往四川，在江津成立支那内学院的&#8220;蜀院&#8221;。蜀院并未招生，只是继续著述研究工作。吕澂于处理院务之余，更全心投入学术研究。<br />　　一九四三年二月，欧阳渐逝世，各方弟子回江津奔丧，门人组织院友会，公推吕澂继任院长，王恩洋等担任院友会理事。<br />　　吕澂继师遗志，继续办理蜀院，开始聚众讲学。他的授课方式与众不同，他将佛学分成五科（后人称其为&#8220;五科佛学&#8221;），以毘昙、般若、瑜伽、涅槃、戒律组成内学院院学。这个教学体系涵盖整个印度佛学，可谓近代佛学教学史上的创举。其间曾与华西大学中国文化研究所合编《汉藏佛教关系史料集》。在入川以后若干年间，吕澂对梵文、藏文原典的解读，深入堂奥，卓见特出。校勘藏文《摄大乘论》、《因明正理门论》，及梵文《楞伽经》等佛典，并完成若干篇重要学术论文。<br />　　一九四九年，新中国成立，翌年&#8220;支那内学院&#8221;改名为&#8220;中国内学院&#8221;，吕澂续掌院务。三年后（一九五二年），该院院友会决议自行停办，自此创立三十余年、有&#8220;中国第一佛学院&#8221;之称的支那内学院宣告解散。<br />　　一九五三年，&#8220;中国佛教协会&#8221;在北京成立，作为发起人之一的吕澂被选为常务理事。两年后，斯里兰卡佛教徒为纪念佛陀涅槃二千五百年，发起编纂《英文佛教百科全书》，邀请各国佛教学者合作。中国佛教协会当即成立&#8220;中国佛教百科全书编纂委员会&#8221;，推举赵朴初为主编，吕澂任副主编，聘请国内佛教学者撰稿，吕澂同时还编撰了百万字的《中国佛教》。《英文佛教百科全书》成书后，世界佛教界公认中国佛教部分的稿件水平最高，为中国赢得了国际荣誉。<br />　　一九五六年，吕澂任中国科学院哲学社会科学部委员，兼哲学研究所研究员。一九六一年，受科学部委托，吕澂在南京开办一个为期五年的佛学班，开设&#8220;中国佛学&#8221;和&#8220;印度佛学&#8221;两门课程，后整理讲课笔记，辑成《中国佛学源流略讲》、《印度佛学源流略讲》、《因明入正理论讲解》等书。<br />　　一九六二年，吕澂在整理佛典、编辑《藏要》的过程中意识到以往旧版《大藏经》存在着不少问题，遂发愿编辑出版一部超过中外历代《大藏经》水平的《中华汉文大藏经》。翌年即开始编写《新编汉文大藏经录》，它是吕澂数十年读经的心血结晶，不只将经籍内容分类，还勘同出一百七十七部佛籍，历时三年完成。后因大陆&#8220;文化大革命&#8221;开始，编印藏经的弘传计划被迫中止，如斯伟业，竟亏一篑。<br />　　一九六六年，受&#8220;文革&#8221;冲击，佛学班停办，多年研究成果资料亦散失殆尽。七十一岁的吕澂遂避居江苏故居，后再迁于北京清华园，直至一九八九年七月逝世，这三十多年间形同退隐，不曾再有佛学著述问世。<br />　　如今，在中国大陆佛教界内部，吕澂的著作与&#8220;涉嫌封建迷信、邪教、伪经伪书、混淆知见的书籍&#8221;并列，禁止其在教内印刷和流通成为&#8220;维护正法&#8221;的一种标记。</p>
<p>　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　二</p>
<p>　　我们必须认识到：孤立和封闭吕澂，并不能就此将他的佛学思想束之高阁或弃之如敝履，佛教界必须改变目前暧昧不明的态度，正视、直面吕澂留下的佛学遗产。<br />　　吕澂的学术上主要成就有：<br />　　一、在玄奘所译《瑜伽师地论》最后二十卷中，发现《摄事分》的大分是引用全部《杂阿含经本母》，因此探明瑜伽一系学说真正来源为上座部禅法。它为研究瑜伽系的渊源和大小三乘佛法的相互关系提供了有力的根据，在佛学史上具有极其重大的价值。他更订正翻译后弄乱的《杂阿含经》次第，写成《杂阿含经刊定记》。先生还指出&#8220;阿含&#8221;圣典乃三乘共教，&#8220;佛说契经结集流布，莫先于《阿含》，亦莫信于《阿含》&#8221;，将之判属&#8220;小经&#8221;，鄙为&#8220;始教&#8221;是很不恰当的。《瑜伽》中包含《本母》，所举契经中存有有部之说，由是可见《瑜伽》与毗昙同其宗据，大小论议源流俱见。所以有专家指出：严格而言，以学术论学术，《杂阿含经本母》的发现和经文秩序的刊定，是世界性的成就，不但玄奘本人未曾发觉，连日本学者竭数十年之力，也不及吕先生的发现。<br />　　二、在《瑜伽师地论》里发现引用《小品宝积经》的旧注，而成《宝积经瑜伽释》一书，不仅看出大乘学说的前后联系及发展线索，且订正旧译《宝积经论》的错误。<br />　　三、认清梵、藏本唯识论书的文义自成一系，与玄奘所传不同，而确定唯识古今学说分歧之所在，从此，唯识学前后变迁迹象一目了然。除了在唯识研究上独树一帜外，先生还沟通汉藏佛学，重视藏传佛学的研究，同时发扬佛家因明学。<br />　　四、寻出《俱舍论》与南北双方《毘昙论》的关系，判明小乘毘昙学说的系统。<br />　　五、校勘编印《藏要》一书，这部丛书共收书七十种，总四百余卷，佛藏精萃，尽在其中。此书整理考订各地所发现历代大藏经刻本，因而廓清藏经版本源流，确定文字正谬的标准。又从国外校印的梵、藏文佛典，和康、藏各种刻版的西藏大藏经比较研究，而见到汉文翻译的优劣，其选材之审慎、校勘之精细是史无前例的。《藏要》被用作校释佛籍的重要参考本，也是当今国际佛学研究重要的参考资料。<br />　　六、在考据基础上，开&#8220;义据批评法&#8221;研究佛学思想及佛经真伪之先河，并且将其运用于《大乘起信论》等起源的研究上，取得了决定性的成果。<br />　　七、先生一生的工作，主要的一项就是厘清&#8220;心性本净&#8221;与&#8220;心性本觉&#8221;的思想界限。中国佛学的核心思想－－有关心性方面的理论，虽然源自印度，但是从北魏以来，通过中国佛教思想家的变通、调和乃至别有用心的改造，终于生成与印度不同的理论体系。吕澂指出&#8220;本净&#8221;是明净、寂净之意，是不与嚣动的烦恼同类，而&#8220;本觉&#8221;则是指自性具有智慧、真知而言。由此，就解脱成佛的角度讲，&#8220;本净&#8221;是&#8220;可能的&#8221;、&#8220;当然的&#8221;，而&#8220;本觉&#8221;则是&#8220;现实的&#8221;、&#8220;已然的&#8221;。吕澂力辨两者思想截然相异：&#8220;性寂&#8221;为&#8220;革新&#8221;；&#8220;性觉&#8221;为&#8220;返本&#8221;。前者以&#8220;境界依&#8221;，可以为道日进、以达解脱之圣域；后者误&#8220;情性为性觉&#8221;，扩充之即成标榜个我、反致沉沦之绝渊。吕澂当时已经强调性寂说的&#8220;革新&#8221;义：&#8220;鹄悬法界，穷际追求，而一转捩间，无住生涯，无穷开展，庶几位育，匪托空言。&#8221;充分表现出积极的个体超越和宗教淑世精神；而&#8220;返本&#8221;之说，则&#8220;才具足于己之心，便毕生委身情性，纵有安排，无非节文损益而已；等而下之，至于禅悦飘零，暗滋鄙吝，则其道亦既穷矣&#8221;。就佛教实践角度讲，印度佛学&#8220;本净说&#8221;必然主张革新，汉语佛学&#8220;本觉说&#8221;则提倡返本，两者在价值意向上是根本不同的。这一论述在现代佛学史上具有重大的理论意义：它触及佛教理论与实践的核心问题，涉及在佛学中知识论与本体论孰为优先的问题，还关系到如何看待佛教思想的演变、中印佛学的区别，以及辨别佛典的真伪等方法论意义的重大问题。<br />　　&#8230;&#8230;<br />　　综合起来考察，吕澂的佛学思想堪称三藏兼备、五明俱通，其学术地位和成就可以从下列几方面来衡量：<br />　　一、对于十九世纪以来，欧美所盛行的佛学研究法（亦即以文献学、历史学、哲学等等各类学术方法去研究佛教），吕澂有完整而深入的理解。他是将这种研究方法及学术态度态度介绍给中国佛学界、并且本身的成就亦最大的中国学人。我们可以说，吕澂是二十世纪中国佛教研究的主要奠基者。<br />　　二、吕澂的佛学研究，不唯功力深厚，而且所涉及的领域也至为广博。从他的著作来分类，他在佛书版本及辨伪、印度原典的研究与迻译、因明与声明、戒律、西藏佛教、印度佛教、中国佛教等方面无不委曲通晓，取得了卓越的成绩。如果综合起来衡量，在广度与深度上，他可以说是二十世纪中国佛学界的第一人。<br />　　三、在学术创见方面，除了前面所提及的学术发现之外，吕澂的大部份论文，如《正觉出出离》《缘起与实相》《观行与转依》其实都是孤明首发。<br />总之，吕澂先生不仅在佛学研究方面有着极高的造诣和成就，而且对中国近代佛学教育事业、佛学人材培养，以及佛经校勘出版等方面作出了不可磨灭的功绩。<br />　　吕澂九十寿辰时，中国佛教协会会长赵朴初在贺信中对他的佛学研究成就做了高度评价：<br />　　&#8220;居士继往圣之绝学，为法门之重镇。精义入神，昌明竺贤之心曲；显微阐幽，廓清内学之积晦。正法萦怀，功垂永久！&#8221;<br />　　吕澂留给我们的伟大遗产其实远多过他已出版的撰述。就目前学界和教界而言，随着资料的进一步发现和整理，我们将越来越认识到他的贡献到底有多重要。同时，我们更关注的是：&#8220;吕澂现象&#8221;&#8212;&#8212;一个同时具备了优秀的学术品质和信仰品质的人为何引来褒贬相差如此之悬殊的的争论，我们必须从这个现象中反思佛教的未来发展。</p>
<p>　　　　　　　　　　　　　　三</p>
<p>　　吕澂的佛学思想直接导致或影响了二十世纪大乘佛教&#8220;正本清源、回归佛陀&#8221;的&#8220;批判佛教&#8221;思潮。<br />　　&#8220;相似佛学&#8221;的提法，最早见于吕澂一九四三年写的《禅学述原》一文，由欧阳竟无大力倡导、而由吕澂及另一佛学重镇印顺法师全面展开的对相似佛学（印顺法师有&#8220;变质佛法&#8221;的提法，现在基本上都以&#8220;相似佛法&#8221;称之）的批判，成为二十世纪佛学史上最引人瞩目的事件。<br />　　吕澂坚持认为，所谓&#8220;内学&#8221;的精神是传承并贯彻佛法与其他宗教思想&#8220;不共&#8221;的独胜之处&#8212;&#8212;如果佛教失去了这些独胜之处，那么佛教的信仰品质也就不能保证。任何试图模糊佛教与其他&#8220;相似佛法&#8221;的界限的企图，都必然导致佛教的&#8220;矮化&#8221;，就像历史上的汉传佛教的民间民俗化和现在&#8220;人间佛教&#8221;的一些倾向，把佛教变成了世俗文化的点缀和附庸，实际上摧折了佛法拯救世道人心的津梁。<br />　　呂澂先生的批判精神更多地表现在追溯佛法本源上，他的考订佛典，是由华译本而上溯藏译本与巴利本，乃至最接近原典之梵本，皆是欲求接近佛陀之&#8220;圣言量&#8221;，而后假&#8220;圣言量&#8221;作为改革佛教的思想泉源，因此复古背后的目的实亦涵摄了创新的成分。所以说先生治学，其实是在&#8220;布道&#8221;&#8212;&#8212;那是判断教义之真伪正邪的根本，非为争学术之高低，更非关人身攻击，而是关乎人天眼目的真实信仰发生！<br />　　从世界范围内的佛学史来打量，二十世纪八十年代，由两位日本中青辈佛教学者袴谷宪昭与松本史朗引发的&#8220;批判佛教&#8221;思潮观点最为激烈，引发的争论也最受瞩目。上述二人将学术成果直接引入对佛教的整体批判，提出&#8220;本觉思想&#8221;不是真正的佛教、&#8220;如来藏思想&#8221;不是真正的佛法等充满争议性的主张，甚至于将这些属于汉语系佛教特征的佛教思想称之为&#8220;伪佛教&#8221;。通过对日本和其他东南亚国家佛教现状的考察，二人皆指出这样一个&#8220;伪佛教&#8221;的信徒在社会实践上维护现状、保守反动、无法正视社会不义，更遑论推进社会改革、弘发大乘佛教标榜的慈悲济世精神等等弊端。总之，现实的大乘佛教与他们所认为的&#8220;真佛教&#8221;背道而驰。<br />　　这一&#8220;批判佛教&#8221;思潮直接起源于日本曹洞宗內部对于&#8220;社会不义问题的宗教根源&#8221;的反思。袴谷宪昭、松本史朗等人将日本文化缺乏深刻的反省、批判精神的根源归结于由佛教的&#8220;本觉思想&#8221;衍生出来的&#8220;和&#8221;的思想，这显然已经超出了纯粹佛学的研究领域，而具有社会批判的意味。在佛教教义上，&#8220;批判佛教&#8221;所涉及的核心问题是：作为大乘佛法&#8220;基体&#8221;的&#8220;如来藏&#8221;和&#8220;本觉&#8221;之心性观与原始佛教的&#8220;无我&#8221;观、缘起论是相互矛盾的，并且，&#8220;本觉思想&#8221;使得佛教失去了现世关怀功能。<br />　　其实在中国，类似的批判早已由吕澂展开，只不过大陆佛教界对此视而不见罢了。吕澂通过对佛法源流的研究来探清佛教的基本义理，如果&#8220;就佛法论佛法&#8221;，则中国佛教的主流几乎完全丧失了释尊圣训的真精神，甚至汉语佛学的某些义理与释尊本意完全相反。比如在《大乘起信论》的考证上，他直接从基本义理入手，指出《起信论》乃据魏译《楞伽》之误译而成，证据确凿，辨析细密，取得了令人信服的成就&#8212;&#8212;而汉语佛学某种意义上就是这种将错就错的产物。<br />　　关于相似佛法的批判，吕先生是从两方面入手的：一是文献辨伪，一是理论求真。&#8220;本净&#8221;（或&#8220;本寂&#8221;）、&#8220;本觉&#8221;之分判，为先生义学之根本，依此抉择诸家、辨别伪经，一目了然。先生指出，中土自玄奘唯识学一系中绝以后，伪说蔓延，背离佛法精神，而且越走越远。所以，他在佛学研究中，与其师竟无先生有一共同之处，即把重点放在辨清佛法之原义正解上，冀欲&#8220;使纯正佛法遍世间&#8221;。他付出了很大的努力来辨别经论，使流毒千载的一些伪经伪论原形毕露。例如对于《大乘起信论》与《楞严经》的造伪，吕澂作了详细的考辨。指出 &#8220;中土伪书由《起信》而《占察》，而《金刚三昧》，而《圆觉》，而《楞严》，一脉相承，无不从此讹传而出。&#8221;这些学术成果虽然受到传统佛教保守势力的激烈反对，但是无论从学术角度还是从信仰角度，教内至今还没有公平公正地正撄其锋，亦没有催生出新的、令人信服的教义。<br />　　与佛经辨伪同步，要想使真理的求索能催生真正的佛教信仰，问题的关键还在于: 我们不能忽视佛法中与其他学术思潮&#8220;不共&#8221;的东西，否则就象现在的汉语佛教，教内外流行的结缘书籍大都成了类似历史上民间&#8220;劝善书&#8221;的东西，而一些掌握了话语权的&#8220;大师&#8221;更是大力廉价贩卖自己的学说，使得佛教教义的内核在这些流行文本中受到了严重伤害。<br />　　信仰还承担着文化精神的传承，故关于信仰文本的真伪正邪之辨乃是必要而重要的。如果佛法的核心过于笼统，或被改得面目全非，那她在指导行为方面反容易导致混乱。世人急于行善破恶，但是往往沦为他人利用工具&#8212;&#8212;如历史上的民间秘密教和二十世纪末的&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 之信徒，往往未辨真伪正邪,就妄谈佛与众生、善人恶人，从而陷入无&#8220;眼&#8221;之盲从。吕澂以佛法之根本价值关怀出发，辨析何为真、伪、正、邪，实为根本之根本，而指导宗教家实践的济世热情，也恰需要这双操心的&#8220;眼&#8221;加以指引矫正。故其学术之价值，可以历劫而愈新，非一世之功德也！<br />　　我们感到困惑的是：传统佛教思想的转型是否总是落后于教会实践？是否我们只能在传统的范式中修修补补以勾画我们的未来？在寺院香火急剧升温和信仰品质普遍下降的巨大张力中，一种尖锐冷静的学术思想是否可以给教会改革以启迪？另一个接踵而至的问题就是：汉语学术界能否规避空疏浮泛的功利性话语而为我们的佛教提供有启示意义和指导价值的文本？所有这一切，无论是对佛学界还是对整个思想界而言都依然还是极为沉重的课题。<br />　　在众说纷纭的后现代语境中，教会言说的哑然无力难道不是我们批判性思考的文本资源和操心对象？来自思想界和学术界的话语应该独立于教会的功利性需求。许多佛教思想史学家&#8212;&#8212;无论其身份是教内还是教外&#8212;&#8212;都已经指出，汉语佛学在历史上仅扮演一种保守性意识形态的角色，完全成了教会的传声筒，以至于在政治与社会实践上，教会和教徒完全缺乏批判的意识和能力。特别是在日本、韩国、台湾等地区，佛教面对急速的政治经济社会生活变迁，无可推责地需要采取某些对应的教义来指导信徒的行为或对非信徒产生良性干预，遗憾的是教会的教义总是落后于这些现实需求。所以必须指出，现代佛教已不可能仅仅抱守传统的教会教义与祖师话语、只满足于纯粹的个体修证就可以担当社会的改造和文化的传承，教会教义已不可能只限定于宗教体验（这种体验往往流于神秘主义而变得庸俗或对社会产生危害）层面而可以与社会实践分割开来。<br />　　信仰既是基于基础教义的，又是直接关照当下灵魂而使信徒具备活生生的现实感悟的。所以宗教教义当然应该具备先锋的、前卫的、激进的、批判的&#8230;&#8230;特质，否则就无所谓&#8220;终极关怀&#8221;的力度。日本&#8220;批判佛教&#8221;思潮的主导者，其思想主张和态度比前辈们更为激烈，特别是袴谷宪昭，他不但主张佛教哲学应该成为一种批判哲学，甚至明白地宣称&#8220;佛教就是批判&#8221;、&#8220;惟有批判才是佛教&#8221;。<br />　　当然，我们在批判&#8220;相似佛法&#8221;时，还必须充分认识到：由道安、智者、慧能等&#8220;中土大乘根器&#8221;发明的所谓&#8220;古典佛学精神&#8221;，也是汉语佛学弥足珍贵的遗产。如果对大乘佛教的成就采取全盘否定的态度，就走向了历史虚无主义。只是我们强调指出的是：古典佛学精神其实更强调个体身位的信仰述说，而佛教除了信徒，还必须出现具备信仰而又不附庸于教会的批评家，以时时刻刻提醒相似佛法之危害。<br />　　在文化学术飞速发展的今天，与佛教弘传的需要相比，中国大陆佛教界的佛学研究显得相当落后，佛学研究的方法也缺乏自身应有的特点。佛学研究应该是二十一世纪世纪的中国佛教应予高度重视的大事。<br />　　可惜当今大陆的佛学研究（在世界范围内）普遍不具备实力（无论学术史还是思想史），甚至基础知识面都很薄弱&#8212;&#8212;薄弱到尚不如&#8220;五四&#8221;时代。最为关键的是，由于历史原因，我们的掌握了话语权的学者、专家、教授在佛学研究中曾经严格拒绝任何信仰品质，这也使得教会很难采纳那些洋洋大观的所谓&#8220;学术成果&#8221;。所以，我们不由得更加怀念吕澂，怀念他学术和信仰皆备的佛学者的风骨。<br />　　鉴往知来，未来的佛教应该是品质清纯的佛教，而不是 &#8220;兑水稀释&#8221;的佛教。佛学的清纯性，往往断送在相似佛法的信仰者这里&#8212;&#8212;可惜后者却总自以为得道者。台湾佛教的五十年风雨历程，其可圈可点者大都受到印顺法师佛学思想的深刻影响，这已经充分证明：&#8220;清纯&#8221;的佛教比&#8220;圆融&#8221;的佛教更具现实关怀的力度，也更具有生命力。<br />　　反观吕澂先生，其思想至今尚未被汉语佛学界重视，更缺乏具体的宗教团体或社团的推行与实践，这种变相的对一个思想家的&#8220;束之高阁&#8221;，怎不令人感叹？！</p>
<p>　　　　　　　　　　　　　　四</p>
<p>　　某一宗教的兴盛与衰落，就内部因素而言关键取决于教徒的信仰品质和学术品质，就外部因素而言必须尊重并保持宗教神（哲）学的独立话语权，并使教会言说与神（哲）学言说达到一种良性互动。<br />　　在本人有限的学术视野内，瑞士神学家卡尔&#183;巴特（karl barth，一九八六&#8212;一九六八）是二十世纪西方神学界最为出色的思想型学者。巴特的神学受到各方不同的标记，它被称为&#8220;新正统派神学&#8221;、&#8220;新自由派神学&#8221;、&#8220;辩证论神学&#8221;、&#8220;神道神学&#8221;及&#8220;巴特神学&#8221;。<br />　　然而，如同所有优秀的神学家一样，卡尔&#183;巴特至今仍然沦为有争议性的人物，而关于其神学思想的评价，更是众说纷纭。正面的评价把他比作是&#8220;神学界的爱因斯坦&#8221;，&#8220;神学界的康德&#8221;。反面的评价则与佛教徒对吕澂的攻击如出一辙，相当一部分基督徒，单单听人提起巴特的名字，就会引起强烈的情绪反弹，而研究他的神学则被视为一种忌讳&#8212;&#8212;对他们而言，甚至不需要理解其神学思想内容，只要引用其著述，就可以引发&#8220;神学心脏病&#8221;，部分基督徒甚至不客气地称巴特的神学为&#8220;神学界的骗局&#8221;。<br />　　总之，所谓&#8220;正统神学&#8221;界，对卡尔&#183;巴特的反应是不屑一顾，至于这些人有没有全部看过卡尔&#183;巴特的著作却是个被回避的前提。<br />　　二十世纪二十年代末，巴特已感到传统神学的弊端重重：教会的言说已经与灵魂的救赎越来越远。很早就参加了&#8220;宗教社会主义运动&#8221;的巴特在第一次世界大战时看到他尊敬的几乎所有神学教授纷纷在支持战争的一份宣言上签名的时候，就已经觉得整个基督神学没有了未来。从此，巴特全力转向教义学神学的构建。巴特对《教会教义学》的思考和写作持续三十余年，完成四卷十二册，第五卷未终即逝。这是他一生中最伟大的学术工程，也是神学界至今未能很好清理的伟大遗产。<br />　　什么是教会教义学？按照巴特的说法，教会的中心任务是宣传福音、见证上帝的话，教义学就是批判地考察以《圣经》为教会的标准宣信，防止后者走入歧途。对巴特来说，至关重要的是要坚持上帝的话，即坚持耶稣基督的降生、受难、牺牲、复活是上帝唯一的话：只有通过基督才能认识上帝，除此别无它途。<br />　　关于世界范围内神（哲）学上的基要主义或原教旨主义，一直聚讼不已。基要主义或原教旨主义当然坚持信仰的&#8220;正本清源&#8221;，但是也容易走向对传统文本的全盘否定，反倒成为最顽固的保守主义。但是巴特天才地解决了这一难题。巴特对西方基督宗教史上的黑暗愚昧有深刻的考察，更对当时的社会政治现状有切肤的体认，他坚定指出：如今人们制造出种种伪神，以恶魔冒充神圣，都是由于撇开了上帝的唯一的话&#8212;&#8212;基督的&#8220;十字架事件&#8221;。他不留退路地拒绝把基督教的启示与任何人为宣称的启示混为一谈，并以一句&#8220;由人到神，无路可通&#8221;来表达他的呼喊：神圣的就是神圣的，只有&#8220;十字架事件&#8221;才使世人的含辛茹苦变得有了意义和价值，才能唤醒真正的信念、希望和爱。<br />　　神学的重新奠基工作的决定性步骤，在巴特看来即意味着在神学上一切从头开始：从唯一给上帝之言作见证的《圣经》开始，《圣经》既是神学奠基的真正基础，也是回击一切冒充神圣之言的世俗思想的首要依据。巴特的用意十分清楚：离开《圣经》的本原来谈论神圣，不过是人的呓语狂言，上帝之言和人言必须严加区分，否则后果将是灾难性的。正是由于巴特坚持认定&#8220;一切人言皆非圣言&#8221;，所以他坚决批判纳粹及希特勒的&#8220;自我神化&#8221;，一九三五年六月，&#8220;第三帝国&#8221;科学部勒令巴特退修，并禁止巴特的所有作品在德国印行。巴特被迫回到瑞士巴塞尔大学，继续进行反纳粹的学术活动。<br />　　与吕澂的际遇惊人相似的是，对巴特神学的误读在保守派的圈子里很普遍，保守派信仰人士以&#8220;基要信仰 fundamentals&#8221;来驳斥新派神学的论点，以顽固的价值自居拒绝任何神学改革。并认为持守基要信仰者的&#8220;基要派 fundamentalists&#8221;与&#8220;现代派 modernists&#8221;之间只有对立、没有融通的可能。教会的激烈态度终至巴特的著作被划在福音派所能容忍的限度之外。<br />　　如果仅就保守主义的态度展开讨论，我们会发现，来自教会的言说才是真正的保守主义：他们宣称所谓人文性神学建制与教会性神学建制是&#8220;不可共量的&#8221;(incommensurable)，教会性的神学建制只与牧职和宣道有关，人文性的神学建制只是为了增加教会言说在学术界和思想界的话语权和竞争力。这里有一个暗含的前提是：人文性神学建制的学术进路并不适合教会性的牧职和宣道之用。所以其结果必然是：人文性神学言说相对教会言说只能是&#8220;跟着说&#8221;。<br />　　这样一来，似乎来自思想界的努力只能附属于教会的需要&#8212;&#8212;前者不应该对后者产生颠覆性的影响和干涉。<br />　　就二十世纪国际宗教学走向来讲，还原主义或基要主义无疑是主流思潮，在一番艰难的回溯后，我们不得不承认：<br />　　原初的、本义的信仰与我们久违了，而恰恰是原初的教义，才是信仰发生的永不枯竭的源泉。对于十九世纪末开端的汉语佛学反传统倾向，应该是当下教会必须正面应对的课题。就欧阳竟无、太虚大师发起，吕澂、印顺法师成其大观的&#8220;批判佛教&#8221;思潮而言，都是依据&#8220;佛陀本怀&#8221;与&#8220;教义精神&#8221;来实现佛教的复兴，这种类似还原主义或基要主义的思潮，虽然打出的旗号是&#8220;回溯&#8221;、&#8220;正本&#8221;，但是并非意味着&#8220;复古&#8221;、&#8220;守旧&#8221;，而实有革新开创的积极价值。所以，借用西方神学界对卡尔&#183;巴特的评价，称其为&#8220;激进的保守主义&#8221;似乎更为恰当。<br />　　其实，吕澂及其内学院沿循文献学的进路来分疏中印佛学的源流，从本质上看也是一种正当话语权利的维护&#8212;&#8212;这种话语当然不是教会的传统言说，在他们那里，学术与信仰、求真与求道已融为一体，其对印度佛教原典之纯正性的维护，正是为了要挽救自晚明以来整个中国佛教江河日下的颓败局势。这种以道自任、求真不已的强烈使命事实上不得不迫使他们在一个极为尴尬的夹缝中生存。<br />　　宗教信仰的言说究竟是开放的系统更能赢得生命力还是封闭的系统更能具备保障性，一直是神（哲）学家和教会的博弈。在近现代中国佛教发展史上，&#8220;居士佛教&#8221;的异军突起一直是教内保守派的心病，问题在于，前者所要极力去廊清扫除的乃是在中国源远流长、盘根错节的&#8220;相似佛法&#8221;传统，而事实上，&#8220;如来藏思想&#8221;和&#8220;本觉思想&#8221;不仅是佛教能得以在中土移植、发展的命脉所系，更是在&#8220;三教合流&#8221;论基础上汉化、民间化、民俗化后形成的一种根深蒂固的意识形态与权力话语。换言之，&#8220;居士佛教&#8221;挑战的乃是中国传统的教会话语权威，其悲剧性自然从一开始便是注定的了。<br />　　从这一考量出发，我们当然有理由相信：未来汉传佛教徒的思想主体将是&#8220;文化佛教徒&#8221;，而佛学，也将作为独立的一极与教会的发展并行存在。<br />　　当个体身位的信仰被扭曲遮蔽，而文化精神的担当亦遭忽视遗忘之时，教会的自言自语在本质上就是对话语权的垄断。西方教会历史不乏充分的例证：在与亚流派争辩之际，亚他拿修被放逐出去；约翰胡司出言顶撞教会，因而被绑在柱上烧死；路德因攻击罗马教会而被指责为叛教修士；加尔文可以上帝的代言人自居任意指称他人为&#8220;异端&#8221;&#8230;&#8230;自有教会以来，就一再有人愿意为维护神的真理而死，似乎在许多基督徒身上，流著这同一条血脉。<br />　　可是中世纪以来的西方文明史证明：西方文化之所以辉煌至今，是因为其（国家）意识形态话语、教会话语、神（哲）学话语是各自独立发展的一极，由此而来的民主制度、新教伦理、启蒙理性，才导致了社会的健全、信仰的健全和文化的健全。<br />　　总之，在西方基督宗教史上，正因为神（哲）学家在信仰身份上一直保持着独立，才使得教会能源源不断地吸收这一独立群体的优秀成果并刺激教会教义的发展，一旦神（哲）学家成为教会的附庸或教会强行压制剥夺前者的话语权，也就是教会固步不前、腐朽没落的开始，所以我们才说：西方宗教史其实就是教会与神（哲）学家的博弈史。<br />　　与吕澂相比，巴特是幸运的：巴塞尔专门就巴特的故居建立了&#8220;卡尔&#183;巴特档案馆&#8221;，该档案馆如今已经成为国际神学界的圣地；即便在汉语思想界，对他的译介和研究也逐渐成为显学。而吕澂，中国大陆只公开出版了他很少一部分论著，他在一九六六年九月二十五日被红卫兵封存的内有重要手稿和珍贵历史文献的二十二个木箱，至今下落不明&#8230;&#8230;</p>
<p>　　对一位哲学巨孹而言，少年夙慧固然必要，然而其炉火纯青的、自成体系的思想发显，一般在&#8220;知天命之年&#8221;后才能完成。深入过佛学的人都有这样一个共同感受：以佛学之思维去考量儒道，皆能高屋建瓴、信手拈来&#8212;&#8212;佛学对人的哲学能力的训练，是中国文化诸思想形态中最独特殊胜的，这就是佛学可以&#8220;判儒&#8221;而儒学只能&#8220;会佛&#8221;的道理，若给吕先生三十年时间去做中国佛学的整体性研究，以其精通藏要的天才，所取得的成就我等简直不敢想象！<br />　　相比之下，吕澂的重要论争对手熊十力能在&#8220;文革&#8221;前完成自己的哲学体系，已经是万幸了。与熊氏相比，吕澂的晚年更令人感伤：他在人生鼎盛时期，不得不避祸乡下缄默退隐，终于没有如期完成对自己思想体系的通盘整理，也没有成体系的专著。从对二十世纪汉语思想史的实际影响来评判，熊十力的名气和影响力无疑更大，然而吕之知识功底和哲学素质，却无疑在熊之上（熊氏自己也承认唯一推崇的人就是吕澂），造化之弄人，一至于斯！<br />　　如果拿吕澂的风格与际遇和同时代的日本学者宇井伯寿作一比较，则两人才学相当，而一落寞(吕)、一风光(宇井)，且思想对后世的实际影响，更有天渊之别。对此，台湾的蓝吉富先生深有所感地说：<br />　　&#8220;整个现代中国的大环境，似乎并不需要吕澂这样杰出的学者。&#8230;&#8230;最令人感到怅然的，不只是整个社会对他的冷漠，也不只是其学术思想的后继无人，而是他所竭力去廓清扫除他所认为的佛学上的&#8216;重重障蔽&#8217;与&#8216;错误思想&#8217;，迄今仍然百花齐放，盛行一时。&#8221;<br />　　&#8212;&#8212;&#8220;吕澂现象&#8221;或&#8220;巴特现象&#8221;不单烘托出信仰者维护言说权利的无力，也显示出以思想激活信仰的艰难。而且也不禁使人怀疑：宗教学术的研究结论，或许对个体的灵魂救渡尚能发生作用，但是与现实的宗教发展未必有必然的关涉？<br />　　我们生命中最激动心灵的事件，可能并不是头顶的星空和心中的道德法则，而是&#8220;哲人之在&#8221;和&#8220;哲人之逝&#8221;。哲人之在，使众生在坚韧跋涉中避免茫然失措，而享受追随的可为屏依；哲人之逝，则使我们在缅怀中尚有不绝如缕的慰藉，并作传承绝学之担当。吕澂先生已逝十多年，这十多年来，大陆佛学界对他的遗产的发掘和整理尚不如台湾和日本，这一事实充分映证了我们的痛苦所在：哲人曾在、哲人已逝、但众生可以闭上眼睛认为他根本不曾存在。<br /></p><img src="http://www.cnblogs.com/rexhost/aggbug/1578331.html?type=1" width="1" height="1" alt=""/><p>评论: 2　<a href="http://www.cnblogs.com/rexhost/archive/2009/10/06/1578331.html#pagedcomment" target="_blank">查看评论</a>　<a href="http://www.cnblogs.com/rexhost/archive/2009/10/06/1578331.html#commentform" target="_blank">发表评论</a></p><hr/><p>最新新闻：<br/>· <a href="http://news.cnblogs.com/n/56793/" target="_blank">知名扩展 Firebug 的简化版登陆 Chrome</a><span style="color:gray">(2010-02-09 22:59)</span><br/>· <a href="http://news.cnblogs.com/n/56792/" target="_blank">Google 悄悄地启用 1e100.net，打枪地不要</a><span style="color:gray">(2010-02-09 22:57)</span><br/>· <a href="http://news.cnblogs.com/n/56791/" target="_blank">从 Google 代码库找到的好东西</a><span style="color:gray">(2010-02-09 22:46)</span><br/>· <a href="http://news.cnblogs.com/n/56789/" target="_blank">苹果在线商店临时关闭 或将推新Macbook</a><span style="color:gray">(2010-02-09 22:39)</span><br/>· <a href="http://news.cnblogs.com/n/56788/" target="_blank">豆瓣网推出豆瓣电台iPhone客户端</a><span style="color:gray">(2010-02-09 21:51)</span><br/></p><p>编辑推荐：<a href="http://news.cnblogs.com/n/56782/" target="_blank">2010年2月编程语言排行榜</a><br/></p><p>网站导航：<a href="http://www.cnblogs.com" target="_blank">博客园首页</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://home.cnblogs.com/" target="_blank">个人主页</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://news.cnblogs.com" target="_blank">新闻</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://home.cnblogs.com/ing/" target="_blank">闪存</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://home.cnblogs.com/group/" target="_blank">小组</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://space.cnblogs.com/q/" target="_blank">博问</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://space.cnblogs.com" target="_blank">社区</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://kb.cnblogs.com" target="_blank">知识库</a></p>]]></description></item><item><title>【JOURNAL】deep sadness and sorrow at the unexpected passing of Michael Jackson</title><link>http://www.cnblogs.com/rexhost/archive/2009/06/26/1511534.html</link><dc:creator>井上冰</dc:creator><author>井上冰</author><pubDate>Fri, 26 Jun 2009 03:28:00 GMT</pubDate><guid>http://www.cnblogs.com/rexhost/archive/2009/06/26/1511534.html</guid><description><![CDATA[<p>阅读: 247 评论: 5 作者: <a href="http://www.cnblogs.com/rexhost/" target="_blank">井上冰</a> 发表于 2009-06-26 11:28 <a href="http://www.cnblogs.com/rexhost/archive/2009/06/26/1511534.html" target="_blank">原文链接</a></p><p><strong style="font-size: 18pt">1958.08.29~2009.06.25 02:26pm PST</strong></p>
<p><strong style="font-size: 18pt">before a planned show in Britain</strong></p>
<p><img src="http://images.cnblogs.com/cnblogs_com/rexhost/MJ_PNG.PNG" width="845" height="409" alt="" />&nbsp;<img src="http://images.cnblogs.com/cnblogs_com/rexhost/MJ.jpg" width="562" height="750" alt="" /></p>
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<h1>Palm Pre Preview: Simply Amazing</h1>
<div class="entry">
<div class="post-byline">By <cite><a title="Click here to read posts written by ADRIAN COVERT" href="http://i.gizmodo.com/people/acovert31/posts/" rel="nofollow">Adrian Covert</a></cite>, <a href="http://www.cnblogs.com/rexhost/admin/" rel="nofollow">6:03 PM</a> on Thu Jan 8 2009, 292,612 views </div>
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<p><img style="display: block" height="338" alt="" src="http://cache.gawker.com/assets/images/gizmodo/2009/01/palmces2009preview31.jpg" width="494" />Hey, I just had some time to play with the <a class="tagautolink autolink" title="Click here to read more posts tagged PALM PRE" href="http://gizmodo.com/tag/palm-pre/">Palm Pre</a>, maybe the most important handset to be announced in two years, and here's what it was like to use it. Updates coming.</p>
<p>[If you want more information after reading this piece, please check out our <a href="http://i.gizmodo.com/5126870/in-a-nutshell-palm-pre-vs-iphone-vs-g1">Palm Pre FAQ</a>]</p>
<p>The <a class="tagautolink autolink" title="Click here to read more posts tagged PALM PRE" href="http://gizmodo.com/tag/palm-pre/">Palm Pre</a> is a lot smaller than I initially thought it would be. A good size comparison would be an iPod classic with a big hard drive. In terms of thickness, it's definitely not as thin as the iPhone, or even the bold, but it's an acceptable size considering it's a slider.</p>
<p>The Pre's Web OS UI and and UX really looks great. After watching (and using) for 20 minutes, It rarely looked (or felt) unresponsive, choppy, or laggy and it's clear a lot of thought was put into the design, especially with regard to how the phone would be used with fingers, as opposed to a stylus or d-pad</p>
<p>The Card system is really a great way to keep your information in front of you and know what you're working on. When you launch an app, you can drag it onto your phone desktop to create a new card, then when you're finished with a card for a specific app, closing it is as simple as flicking the card upwards.</p>
<p>The input technology that doesn't involve the screen is also top notch. Palm created the gesture bar, which is the black surface under the screen, because they found it was too hard to control a touchscreen phone with one hand, especially when trying to reach the upper part of the screen. The Gesture Bar streamlines some of the navigation so you can use the phone on the go.</p>
<p>There's also an accelrometer that works with apps like the web browser and photo viewer, which automatically rotates the screen depending on its orientation. It's the same as what's on many other phones, but it's worth noting that the accelerometer works quite well.</p>
<p>If you're working in a specific app, you can drag your finger up from the Gesture Bar to the screen, hold it for a second, and the wave dock will appear, making it easy to quick launch another app. The trackball, which feels similar to that of the G1 and Blackberry phones, provides another quick way to get around the Web OS interface.</p>
<p>There's also the keyboard. It pretty much looks and feels the same as previous Palm keyboards of late, which isn't spectacular, but it works well enough. When asked why they opted to go with the vertically oriented slide out keyboard, Palm had two main reasons—they didn't see much less of a difference in effectiveness when compared to a horizontal slider, and found that more people messaged holding the phone vertically. Second, they said there aren't really any other smartphones with a vertical QWERTY slider, so it makes the phone more recognizable.</p>
<p>While the hardware is definitely high quality, I'm not entirely blown away by the design. It looks really nice, and original, but it's a little too cutesy in shape and kind of reminds me of an oversized pebble. A slightly larger screen could have definitely been put to good use, and I really don't like the black space on the side's of the screen.</p>
<p>I think this phone's biggest appeal will be the central role the internet plays in the OS. The way it pulls data from various web services, and melds it into its own framework is top notch. I think being able to text, and gChat and send IMs over AIM all from the same window is such a benefit to the user to not have to switch windows for 3 different apps for messaging. And obviously, you won't be talking to someone on a bunch of different messengers at once, but over a period of a week, you might have convos over these different services, and it's good to keep track of all these interactions in one place.</p>
<p>The browser is also a far cry from Blazer that was on the Treo's Garnet OS. The new browser is built on top of Webkit, just like the Android and iPhone browsers, and renders full pages in under 10 seconds. The zoom and drag/pan functionality is very much like the other browsers, both in operation and feel. There was no glitchiness and the browser was extremely responsive.</p>
<p>I also love the way you can search for something on your phone, and then shoot that same query up to Google or Wikipedia without having to launch your web browser. It's another way the internet has subtly worked its way into the phone without being constricted to a specific app or browser.</p>
<p>The design influence of the iPhone OS is definitely apparent in Web OS. The App dock that sits at the bottom of the home screen is definitely a page out of the iPhones playbook, and for good reason—it works well. The design of the menus such as the contacts list take that same simple approach of not showing more than you absolutely see on any one page, something the iPhone perfected.</p>
<p>The screen is beautiful, and it really shows when looking at photos, which are so bright and colorful, I'd almost say it looks sharper than any other phone.</p>
<p>The camera takes really beautiful photos as well. Even in lighting that wasn't super bright, colors came out rich, and though a little grainy, it didn't suffer the same washed out, sandy look that other camera phones generate. This is also due in part to some image post processing that takes place behind the scenes of the camera app.</p>
<p>As far as video recording goes, it's not available on the Pre for now, but it's something Palm is looking at for future upgrades. I find this slightly disappointing, because Palm is touting this as an internet phone, and user generated video is a very big part of what's going on in the online world. A feature where you could live stream or auto upload to YouTube seems like an idea that fits in with the Pre philosophy. I think this absolutely has to be added in the next year.</p>
<p>The Apps and SDK for Web OS i think will be promising. Palm will make the SDK available to anyone to use, but there will be an App Store which will be accessible on the phone only and an approval process for apps. Palm says there are always exceptions, but they will not play the role of Big Brother so much when it comes to apps. What they are mostly concerned with are the security and stability of the apps. Making sure there aren't apps that crash or provide holes for their phones to be hacked. They also say they will work close with select partners on app and give them access to deeper areas of the OS that are not available in the SDK.</p>
<p>Like Android, there is an Amazon music store app that looks and smells very similar to that on the G1. It lets you preview songs, as well as download from the same screen.</p>
<p>When I asked Palm about flash on the Pre, they said it wasn't something they were talking about for now. But Dan Lyons over at Newsweek claims that the phone will run flash on it.</p>
<p>It also has a few features not found on the iPhone, which include copy and paste and MMS messaging, something hardcore iPhone users have been clamoring for since its introduction.</p>
<p>I asked Palm if the Pre and the Web OS platform will be married to the Sprint service, and they said that Web OS-based products will eventually be available on other carriers, but they have no specific announcements on that.</p>
<p><strong>[More Updates will come in this post very shortly. Stay tuned, and check out the rest of our Palm Pre coverage <a href="http://gizmodo.com/tag/palm%20pre">here</a>.]</strong><br />
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    <li><a href="http://i.gizmodo.com/photogallery/palmprehandson/1005860294"><img title="palm pre" alt="palm pre" src="http://cache.gizmodo.com/assets/images/gallery/4/2009/01/smallish_3180925926_ab55544cb8_o.jpg" longdesc="palm pre" /></a></li>
    <li><a href="http://i.gizmodo.com/photogallery/palmprehandson/1005860305"><img title="palm pre" alt="palm pre" src="http://cache.gizmodo.com/assets/images/gallery/4/2009/01/smallish_3180088663_22228b2cd5_o.jpg" longdesc="palm pre" /></a></li>
    <li><a href="http://i.gizmodo.com/photogallery/palmprehandson/1005860316"><img title="palm pre" alt="palm pre" src="http://cache.gizmodo.com/assets/images/gallery/4/2009/01/smallish_3180925460_a6f66ddfb1_o.jpg" longdesc="palm pre" /></a></li>
    <li><a href="http://i.gizmodo.com/photogallery/palmprehandson/1005860327"><img title="palm pre" alt="palm pre" src="http://cache.gizmodo.com/assets/images/gallery/4/2009/01/smallish_3180088235_51dab60f63_o.jpg" longdesc="palm pre" /></a> </li>
</ul>
</div>
<hr class="clearer" />
</div>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>From an earlier set of impressions:</p>
<blockquote>
<p>It transcends what a mobile device should feel like. It's smooth but also tough enough to feel like you're using something that's going to last. I really like how the back of the slider is reflective like an iPod touch (might be good for the ladies and their make-up too).</p>
<p>The display looks richer in color gamut than any handset I've ever seen (almost like a mini Cinema Display). The GUI seems fluid enough so that it's not overtly cheesy and plasticky looking (transitions are still rough around the edges sometimes and not always as snappy as you'd like.) Speakerphone seems more than adequate for being Monophonic (totally useable for listening to music/calls.)</p>
</blockquote>
<p>This is just like OS X, Expose, Spaces, Spotlight—uninterrupted multitasking. Even the cal is like iCal—on the desktop OS. When you get a call, the OS puts what you're doing down at the bottom, instead of dumping it like on iPhone. [<a href="http://i.gizmodo.com/5126516/palm-pre-first-look-and-details">Palm Pre Details</a>; <a href="http://i.gizmodo.com/5126600/palm-pres-amazing-wireless-touchstone-charger">Palm Pre's wireless charger</a>; <a href="http://gizmodo.com/tag/palm-pre">Palm Pre Full Coverage on Gizmodo</a>]</p>
<p>[Correction: I passed these notes off to a colleague who stated that I, Brian Lam, got to handle the phone in an earlier version of this post. That was an error in communications in the heat of the moment, and I've updated it to say that the impressions were from a friend. We will have more photos and impressions in a bit from our own experience with the phone. The post is now under Adrian Covert's byline, because the new hands on impressions are his.]</p>
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<div id="post-supplement">
<div id="related">Read More: <a class="tag" title="Click here to read more posts tagged PALM" href="http://gizmodo.com/tag/palm/" rel="nofollow">Palm</a>, <a class="tag" title="Click here to read more posts tagged PALM PRE" href="http://gizmodo.com/tag/palm-pre/" rel="nofollow">Palm pre</a>, <a class="tag" title="Click here to read more posts tagged PALM NOVA" href="http://gizmodo.com/tag/palm-nova/" rel="nofollow">Palm nova</a>, <a class="tag" title="Click here to read more posts tagged SMARTPHONES" href="http://gizmodo.com/tag/smartphones/" rel="nofollow">Smartphones</a>, <a class="tag" title="Click here to read more posts tagged CELLPHONES" href="http://gizmodo.com/tag/cellphones/" rel="nofollow">Cellphones</a>, <a class="tag" title="Click here to read more posts tagged PALM OS" href="http://gizmodo.com/tag/palm-os/" rel="nofollow">Palm OS</a>, <a class="tag" title="Click here to read more posts tagged NOVA" href="http://gizmodo.com/tag/nova/" rel="nofollow">Nova</a>, <a class="tag" title="Click here to read more posts tagged PALM OS II" href="http://gizmodo.com/tag/palm-os-ii/" rel="nofollow">Palm OS II</a>, <a class="tag" title="Click here to read more posts tagged CES 2009" href="http://gizmodo.com/tag/ces-2009/" rel="nofollow">ces 2009</a>, <a class="tag" title="Click here to read more posts tagged TOP" href="http://gizmodo.com/tag/top/" rel="nofollow">Top</a>, <a class="tag" title="Click here to read more posts tagged FEATURE" href="http://gizmodo.com/tag/feature/" rel="nofollow">Feature</a>, <a class="tag" title="Click here to read more posts tagged VERIZONBESTMODO" href="http://gizmodo.com/tag/verizonbestmodo/" rel="nofollow">Verizonbestmodo</a> </div>
</div>
<img src="http://www.cnblogs.com/rexhost/aggbug/1392981.html?type=1" width="1" height="1" alt=""/><p>评论: 3　<a href="http://www.cnblogs.com/rexhost/archive/2009/02/18/1392981.html#pagedcomment" target="_blank">查看评论</a>　<a href="http://www.cnblogs.com/rexhost/archive/2009/02/18/1392981.html#commentform" target="_blank">发表评论</a></p><hr/><p>最新新闻：<br/>· <a href="http://news.cnblogs.com/n/56793/" target="_blank">知名扩展 Firebug 的简化版登陆 Chrome</a><span style="color:gray">(2010-02-09 22:59)</span><br/>· <a href="http://news.cnblogs.com/n/56792/" target="_blank">Google 悄悄地启用 1e100.net，打枪地不要</a><span style="color:gray">(2010-02-09 22:57)</span><br/>· <a href="http://news.cnblogs.com/n/56791/" target="_blank">从 Google 代码库找到的好东西</a><span style="color:gray">(2010-02-09 22:46)</span><br/>· <a href="http://news.cnblogs.com/n/56789/" target="_blank">苹果在线商店临时关闭 或将推新Macbook</a><span style="color:gray">(2010-02-09 22:39)</span><br/>· <a href="http://news.cnblogs.com/n/56788/" target="_blank">豆瓣网推出豆瓣电台iPhone客户端</a><span style="color:gray">(2010-02-09 21:51)</span><br/></p><p>编辑推荐：<a href="http://news.cnblogs.com/n/56782/" target="_blank">2010年2月编程语言排行榜</a><br/></p><p>网站导航：<a href="http://www.cnblogs.com" target="_blank">博客园首页</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://home.cnblogs.com/" target="_blank">个人主页</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://news.cnblogs.com" target="_blank">新闻</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://home.cnblogs.com/ing/" target="_blank">闪存</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://home.cnblogs.com/group/" target="_blank">小组</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://space.cnblogs.com/q/" target="_blank">博问</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://space.cnblogs.com" target="_blank">社区</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://kb.cnblogs.com" target="_blank">知识库</a></p>]]></description></item><item><title>【VIOLA】三岁筱兮: 一喷一醒然，再接再砺乃</title><link>http://www.cnblogs.com/rexhost/archive/2008/11/22/1339150.html</link><dc:creator>井上冰</dc:creator><author>井上冰</author><pubDate>Sat, 22 Nov 2008 14:19:00 GMT</pubDate><guid>http://www.cnblogs.com/rexhost/archive/2008/11/22/1339150.html</guid><description><![CDATA[<p>阅读: 401 评论: 7 作者: <a href="http://www.cnblogs.com/rexhost/" target="_blank">井上冰</a> 发表于 2008-11-22 22:19 <a href="http://www.cnblogs.com/rexhost/archive/2008/11/22/1339150.html" target="_blank">原文链接</a></p><p>&nbsp;</p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 5.9pt; text-indent: -5.9pt; line-height: 150%; text-align: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 5.9pt; text-indent: -5.9pt; line-height: 150%; text-align: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><strong><span style="font-size: 20pt; color: #ff6600; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">木</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 20pt; color: #ff6600; line-height: 150%; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; color: #ff6600; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">毛</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; color: #ff6600; line-height: 150%; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></strong><span style="font-size: 26pt; color: gray; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">水</span><span style="font-size: 26pt; color: gray; line-height: 150%; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span><span style="font-size: 20pt; color: #99cc00; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 26.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">足</span><span style="font-size: 26pt; color: gray; line-height: 150%; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span><span style="font-size: 16pt; color: #333399; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">火</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; color: #333399; line-height: 150%; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span><span style="font-size: 22pt; color: #ff9900; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">画</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; color: #333399; line-height: 150%; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span><strong><span style="font-size: 18pt; color: #333399; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">牛</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 18pt; color: #333399; line-height: 150%; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></strong><span style="font-size: 18pt; color: #333399; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">王</span><span style="font-size: 18pt; color: #333399; line-height: 150%; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span><span style="font-size: 14pt; color: red; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 18.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">眼</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; color: red; line-height: 150%; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 18.0pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="font-size: 24pt; color: olive; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 18.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">说</span></strong><span style="font-size: 18pt; color: #333399; line-height: 150%; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">车</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">长</span><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 150%; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">风</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span><span style="font-size: 18pt; color: teal; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">东</span><span style="font-size: 18pt; color: teal; line-height: 150%; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; color: teal; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">们</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; color: teal; line-height: 150%; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; color: teal; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">冬</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; color: teal; line-height: 150%; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">出</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">北</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span><span style="font-size: 28pt; color: #99cc00; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">去</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; color: #99cc00; line-height: 150%; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span><span style="font-size: 18pt; color: purple; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 28.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">笑</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 5.9pt; text-indent: -5.9pt; line-height: 150%; text-align: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 5.9pt; text-indent: -5.9pt; line-height: 150%; text-align: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="font-size: 14pt; color: #993366; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">头</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; color: #993366; line-height: 150%; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span><span style="font-size: 18pt; color: #3366ff; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">奶</span><span style="font-size: 18pt; color: #3366ff; line-height: 150%; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span><span style="font-size: 14pt; color: #cc99ff; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 18.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">牙</span><span style="font-size: 18pt; color: #3366ff; line-height: 150%; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span><span style="font-size: 16pt; color: #ff6600; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">巧</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; color: #ff6600; line-height: 150%; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span><span style="font-size: 20pt; color: olive; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">字</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; color: #ff6600; line-height: 150%; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; color: #ff6600; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">布</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; color: #ff6600; line-height: 150%; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span><span style="font-size: 18pt; color: #ffcc00; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">瓜</span><span style="font-size: 18pt; color: #ffcc00; line-height: 150%; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span><span style="font-size: 22pt; color: blue; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 18.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">习</span><span style="font-size: 18pt; color: #ffcc00; line-height: 150%; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">生 </span><span style="font-size: 26pt; color: #99cc00; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt">鼻</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">田</span><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 150%; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="font-size: 16pt; color: #ffcc99; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 18.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">话</span></strong><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 150%; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">石</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span><span style="font-size: 28pt; color: #ff6600; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">鸟</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; color: #ff6600; line-height: 150%; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span><span style="font-size: 18pt; color: #999999; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">会 </span><span style="font-size: 18pt; color: fuchsia; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">走</span><span style="font-size: 18pt; color: #999999; line-height: 150%; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span><span style="font-size: 20pt; color: aqua; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">全</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; color: aqua; line-height: 150%; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span><span style="font-size: 18pt; color: #993300; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">华</span><span style="font-size: 18pt; color: #993300; line-height: 150%; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span><span style="font-size: 26pt; color: #ff9900; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">吃</span><span style="font-size: 26pt; color: #ff9900; line-height: 150%; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span><span style="font-size: 20pt; color: olive; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 26.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">用</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; color: olive; line-height: 150%; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 26.0pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span><span style="font-size: 16pt; color: blue; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 26.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">飞</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 5.9pt; text-indent: -5.9pt; line-height: 150%; text-align: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 5.9pt; text-indent: -5.9pt; line-height: 150%; text-align: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">地</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span><span style="font-size: 18pt; color: #993366; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">多</span><span style="font-size: 18pt; color: #993366; line-height: 150%; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">好</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span><span style="font-size: 24pt; color: lime; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">安</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; color: lime; line-height: 150%; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">爷 </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; color: blue; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt">一</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">红</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span><span style="font-size: 14pt; color: #99ccff; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">羊</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; color: #99ccff; line-height: 150%; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span><span style="font-size: 24pt; color: purple; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">妈</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; color: #99ccff; line-height: 150%; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span><span style="font-size: 14pt; color: #ff99cc; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">老</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; color: #ff99cc; line-height: 150%; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span><span style="font-size: 18pt; color: olive; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">四</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; color: #ff99cc; line-height: 150%; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span><span style="font-size: 18pt; color: #ff99cc; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">衣</span><span style="font-size: 18pt; color: #ff99cc; line-height: 150%; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span><strong><span style="font-size: 24pt; color: black; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">我</span></strong><span style="font-size: 18pt; color: #ff99cc; line-height: 150%; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span><span style="font-size: 18pt; color: #99ccff; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">西</span><span style="font-size: 18pt; color: #99ccff; line-height: 150%; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span><span style="font-size: 18pt; color: #99ccff; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">过</span><span style="font-size: 18pt; color: #99ccff; line-height: 150%; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span><span style="font-size: 18pt; color: #ffcc00; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">吧</span><strong><span style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 150%; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></strong><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">来 </span><span style="font-size: 20pt; color: blue; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 18.0pt">机</span><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 150%; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span><span style="font-size: 22pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">汪</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; line-height: 150%; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span><span style="font-size: 16pt; color: #ffcc99; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">豆</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; color: #ffcc99; line-height: 150%; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span><span style="font-size: 20pt; color: olive; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">儿</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 5.9pt; text-indent: -5.9pt; line-height: 150%; text-align: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 5.9pt; text-indent: -5.9pt; line-height: 150%; text-align: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="font-size: 18pt; color: #ffcc99; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">这</span><span style="font-size: 18pt; color: #ffcc99; line-height: 150%; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span><span style="font-size: 18pt; color: purple; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">里</span><span style="font-size: 18pt; color: purple; line-height: 150%; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="font-size: 22pt; color: maroon; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 18.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">十</span></strong><span style="font-size: 18pt; color: purple; line-height: 150%; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span><span style="font-size: 18pt; color: fuchsia; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">阿</span><span style="font-size: 18pt; color: fuchsia; line-height: 150%; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span><span style="font-size: 14pt; color: blue; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 18.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">几</span><span style="font-size: 18pt; color: fuchsia; line-height: 150%; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">饭</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span><strong><span style="font-size: 24pt; color: #ff99cc; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">京</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 24pt; color: #ff99cc; line-height: 150%; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></strong><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">兔 </span><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="font-size: 18pt; color: #ff9900; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt">书</span></strong><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> </span><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="font-size: 16pt; color: blue; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt">二</span></strong><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; color: #ff9900; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">气</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">和</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span><span style="color: green; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">色</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">国</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span><span style="font-size: 20pt; color: blue; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">五</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">学</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span><strong><span style="font-size: 20pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">宝</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 20pt; line-height: 150%; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 20pt; color: #339966; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">明</span></strong><font face="Times New Roman"><strong><span style="font-size: 20pt; color: #339966; line-height: 150%; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"> </span></strong><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 5.9pt; text-indent: -5.9pt; line-height: 150%; text-align: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 5.9pt; text-indent: -5.9pt; line-height: 150%; text-align: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="font-size: 20pt; color: #ff9900; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">绘 </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; color: #993366; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">笔</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> </span><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="font-size: 16pt; color: olive; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">乐</span></strong><span style="font-size: 16pt; color: #339966; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"> </span><span style="font-size: 20pt; color: #339966; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">快</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; color: #339966; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"> </span><span style="font-size: 18pt; color: #333399; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">工</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"> <span style="color: #ffcc99">电</span></span><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"> <span style="color: #ffcc00">岁</span></span><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; color: red; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"> 年</span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 5.9pt; text-indent: -5.9pt; line-height: 150%; text-align: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"></strong><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span>&nbsp;</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 5.9pt; text-indent: -5.9pt; line-height: 150%; text-align: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="font-size: 14pt; color: #339966; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">朋</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; color: #339966; line-height: 150%; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span><span style="font-size: 24pt; color: #ff9900; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">果</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; color: #ff9900; line-height: 150%; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span><span style="font-size: 16pt; color: #ff9900; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">河</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; color: #ff9900; line-height: 150%; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span><span style="font-size: 20pt; color: lime; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">本</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; color: #ff9900; line-height: 150%; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span><span style="font-size: 20pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">狗</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; line-height: 150%; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span><span style="font-size: 14pt; color: red; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 20.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">八</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; line-height: 150%; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">空 </span><span style="font-size: 26pt; color: fuchsia; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt">丁</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 150%; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">虎</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span><span style="font-size: 14pt; color: #ff9900; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">金</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; color: #ff9900; line-height: 150%; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span><span style="font-size: 26pt; color: #99cc00; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">公</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; color: #ff9900; line-height: 150%; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span><span style="font-size: 14pt; color: #ff9900; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">雨 </span><span style="font-size: 18pt; color: lime; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt">的</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; color: #ff9900; line-height: 150%; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">鱼</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span><span style="font-size: 18pt; color: maroon; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">亮</span><span style="font-size: 18pt; color: maroon; line-height: 150%; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">信</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 150%; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">南</span><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 150%; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span><span style="font-size: 26pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">城 </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; color: #339966; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">汽</span><font face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-size: 26pt; line-height: 150%; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 5.9pt; text-indent: -5.9pt; line-height: 150%; text-align: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 5.9pt; text-indent: -5.9pt; line-height: 150%; text-align: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">娃</span><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 150%; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span><span style="font-size: 14pt; color: blue; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 18.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">三</span><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 150%; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span><span style="font-size: 22pt; color: fuchsia; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">星</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; color: fuchsia; line-height: 150%; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">春</span><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 150%; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span><span style="font-size: 18pt; color: olive; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">是</span><span style="font-size: 18pt; color: olive; line-height: 150%; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span><span style="font-size: 20pt; color: #ff9900; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 18.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">目</span><span style="font-size: 18pt; color: olive; line-height: 150%; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span><span style="font-size: 18pt; color: olive; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">树</span><span style="font-size: 18pt; color: olive; line-height: 150%; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span><span style="font-size: 18pt; color: lime; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">看</span><span style="font-size: 18pt; color: lime; line-height: 150%; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span><span style="font-size: 26pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">秋</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span><span style="font-size: 14pt; color: blue; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">美</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">要</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span><span style="font-size: 28pt; color: #ff6600; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">啊</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; color: #ff6600; line-height: 150%; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span><span style="font-size: 20pt; color: #ff6600; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">夏</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; color: #ff6600; line-height: 150%; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; color: #ff6600; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">家</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; color: #ff6600; line-height: 150%; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span><span style="font-size: 14pt; color: #ff6600; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">能</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; color: #ff6600; line-height: 150%; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span><span style="font-size: 14pt; color: #ff6600; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">爱</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; color: #ff6600; line-height: 150%; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span><span style="font-size: 26pt; color: #993366; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">哥</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 5.9pt; text-indent: -5.9pt; line-height: 150%; text-align: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<div class="top_title"><a title="Permanent Link to 〈奥巴马胜选演说&#183;文言版〉" href="http://thisisdongdongqiang.cn/archives/1577" rel="bookmark"><strong><font color="#212121" size="4">〈奥巴马胜选演说&#183;文言版〉</font></strong></a></div>
<div class="end_title">东东枪 | 发表于2008年11月16日 23:25</') ?> | 归类于<a title="显示【闹哄哄胡糟改莫谓疏狂】的所有日志" href="http://thisisdongdongqiang.cn/archives/category/%e3%80%90%e9%97%b9%e5%93%84%e5%93%84%e8%83%a1%e7%b3%9f%e6%94%b9%e8%8e%ab%e8%b0%93%e7%96%8f%e7%8b%82%e3%80%91" rel="category tag"><strong><font color="#000000">【闹哄哄胡糟改莫谓疏狂】</font></strong></a></div>
</div>
<div class="item_class_text">
<p><span style="color: #000080">枪：<br />
前些天，奥巴马胜选演说开始在网上流传，就想起：或可搞个文言版本出来。</p>
<p>不过当时没想自己弄，只去某文言网站留了条言，提了个建议。结果，过了几天去看，发现并没有动静。于是才想，或者可以自己弄弄看？<br />
于是，上周五译了两三段，周末用工作加班、看碟读书之外的时间把剩下的部分也搞出来了。下边就是。</span></p>
<p><span style="color: #000080">我没什么文言功底，更没拿文言写过东西。来不了古奥的，只会用些浅近的夹生文言，大概意译一下。如果说范本的话，倒是有些地方故意模仿民国时各路军政要人通电、讲演的语气&#8230;&#8230;像不像三分样吧。<br />
本来想，还有一个办法是更加洒狗血一点儿，在文言里加上各路方言土语俏皮话儿歇后语之类。那就是另一个玩儿法了。</span></p>
<p><span style="color: #000080">译好之后，有点儿没信心，发给某文言小能手看了一下，问这玩意儿可以一贴么？人家鼓励我半天，说已经不错了，贴吧。可是不久，又发来人家自己翻译的几段，一看我就晕了——先秦范儿的&#8230;&#8230;</span></p>
<p><span style="color: #000080">其实，当年林语堂还曾以夹生北京话翻译《独立宣言》，如今我以半吊子文言翻译奥巴马讲演，算是很对得起他们了。</span></p>
<p><span style="color: #000080">咳，嘛对得起对不起的！乐呵儿乐呵儿得了——</span></p>
<p><span style="color: #ff0000">〈奥巴马胜选演说&#183;文言版〉</span><br />
东东枪 译</p>
<p>Hello，Chicago!<br />
<span style="color: #ff0000">芝城父老，别来无恙，</span></p>
<p>If there is anyone out there who still doubts that America is a place where all things are possible, who still wonders if the dream of our founders is alive in our time, who still questions the power of our democracy, tonight is your answer.<br />
<span style="color: #ff0000">余尝闻世人有疑，不知当今美利坚凡事皆可成就耶？开国先贤之志方岿然于世耶？民主之伟力不减于昔年耶？凡存诸疑者，今夕当可释然。</span></p>
<p>It&#8217;s the answer told by lines that stretched around schools and churches in numbers this nation has never seen, by people who waited three hours and four hours, many for the first time in their lives, because they believed that this time must be different, that their voices could be that difference.<br />
<span style="color: #ff0000">今夕之释然，皆蒙美利坚民众之协力——学塾祠庙之外，市井乡野之间，万千父老心焦似焚，苦待竟日，愿献一票之力。其中，平生未尝涉国事者，数亦不少，而今有此义举，皆因一念不衰——今夫天下，非同既往，愿发吁天之声，必成动地之势。</span></p>
<p>It&#8217;s the answer spoken by young and old, rich and poor, Democrat and Republican, black, white, Hispanic, Asian, Native American, gay, straight, disabled and not disabled. Americans who sent a message to the world that we have never been just a collection of individuals or a collection of red states and blue states. We are, and always will be, the United States of America.<br />
<span style="color: #ff0000">今夕之释然，皆仰吾国同胞之齐心——何谈贫富老幼之差、党社宗族之异，惶论发肤肌体之别、志趣爱恶之分。吾国既以&#8220;合众&#8221;为名，吾辈则更无疏离之意，红蓝二党并肩而立，数十邦州挽手相合，无分你我，共称一家，昂然于世，齐声一呼，天下乃有此释然。</span></p>
<p>It&#8217;s the answer that led those who&#8217;ve been told for so long by so many to be cynical and fearful and doubtful about what we can achieve to put their hands on the arc of history and bend it once more toward the hope of a better day.<br />
<span style="color: #ff0000">今夕之释然，皆因愤懑者之镇静，忧惧者之勇气，犹疑者之笃定——平素世间种种，消磨其志向，溃灭其梦想，而值此风云之际，除旧更新，当仁不让，倾力而动乾坤者，更何人哉！</span></p>
<p>It&#8217;s been a long time coming, but tonight, because of what we did on this date in this election at this defining moment change has come to America.<br />
<span style="color: #ff0000">俟之诚久，其志弥坚。幸天地明察，乃有今日，乃有此刻，乃有此一选举，乃有我亿万美利坚大好国民——吾邦之大变革，方得自兹而始也！</span></p>
<p>A little bit earlier this evening, I received an extraordinarily gracious call from Sen. McCain.<br />
Sen. McCain fought long and hard in this campaign. And he&#8217;s fought even longer and harder for the country that he loves. He has endured sacrifices for America that most of us cannot begin to imagine. We are better off for the service rendered by this brave and selfless leader. I congratulate him; I congratulate Gov. Palin for all that they&#8217;ve achieved. And I look forward to working with them to renew this nation&#8217;s promise in the months ahead.<br />
<span style="color: #ff0000">顷接参议员麦君凯恩电，虽未得晤，幸有一谈，其言谆谆，其意诚诚，鄙人感佩之至。选战期内，麦君劳碌几重，奔波几许，皆为国家计。诸般求索，时日良多，皆非余所能及。于国于民之惊人牺牲，亦非庸庸如吾辈者所可想见。以麦君之胆魄襟怀，能为吾邦所用，实国家之幸，万民之幸也。前途漫漫，其事未竟，余所盼瞩由衷者，唯共麦凯恩君、佩林君，及诸贤士比肩，会吾等之绵力，成吾邦之大业。</span></p>
<p>I want to thank my partner in this journey, a man who campaigned from his heart, and spoke for the men and women he grew up with on the streets of Scranton and rode with on the train home to Delaware, the vice president-elect of the United States, Joe Biden.<br />
<span style="color: #ff0000">乔君拜登，亦吾所感铭至深者也。竞选之业，艰险不足与外人道，幸有乔君之辅佐，其诚天可鉴之。乔君其人，素言恳辞切，意笃情真，盖尝经斯兰克顿街乡邻之提命，饱聆特拉华州父老之晤教也。他日余既登总统之位，乔君必当副之。</span></p>
<p>And I would not be standing here tonight without the unyielding support of my best friend for the last 16 years the rock of our family, the love of my life, the nation&#8217;s next first lady Michelle Obama.<br />
<span style="color: #ff0000">拙荆米氏，追随鄙人凡一十六年，既为爱侣，更为挚友，既为吾阖家之基石，又乃余终生之至爱。鄙人尝自忖度，倘无贤妻若此，今朝阔论高谈于此处者，不知何人矣！</span></p>
<p>Sasha and Malia I love you both more than you can imagine. And you have earned the new puppy that&#8217;s coming with us to the new White House.<br />
<span style="color: #ff0000">小女萨沙、玛丽，余素深喜之。昔日为父尝与汝等言，此番选战若得一胜，愿购小犬一头相赠，待阖家乔迁总统府邸之日，偕汝等同进吾宅。今当胜负已出，既有一诺在前，必自践行不欺也。</span></p>
<p>And while she&#8217;s no longer with us, I know my grandmother&#8217;s watching, along with the family that made me who I am. I miss them tonight. I know that my debt to them is beyond measure.<br />
<span style="color: #ff0000">祖母大人虽已仙逝，料必有灵在天，俯察人寰，想应颔首开颜矣。吾奥巴马氏列祖列宗，亦当如是。今日今时，此情此景，鄙人追思之心，乌鸟之情，曷其有极！唯生死陌路，仙凡有别，虽怀反哺之心，而无答报之门也！</span></p>
<p>To my sister Maya, my sister Alma, all my other brothers and sisters, thank you so much for all the support that you&#8217;ve given me. I am grateful to them.<br />
<span style="color: #ff0000">至若玛雅、艾玛二姐妹，以及吾家诸同胞，所惠我者，亦属良多，久沐恩德，此当拜谢。</span></p>
<p>And to my campaign manager, David Plouffe, the unsung hero of this campaign, who built the best — the best political campaign, I think, in the history of the United States of America.To my chief strategist David Axelrod who&#8217;s been a partner with me every step of the way.To the best campaign team ever assembled in the history of politics you made this happen, and I am forever grateful for what you&#8217;ve sacrificed to get it done.<br />
<span style="color: #ff0000">大卫&#8226;普劳夫君，大卫&#8226;阿克塞罗德君，一为鄙人竞选事务之经理，一为鄙人国事韬略之智囊。余尝自喟叹，左右谋士，余所仰赖者，皆亘古未见之贤才。普阿二君，则更此中之翘楚。区区不才，有何德能，可得膀臂若此？当此功成之际，感荷之心，亦自拳拳。</span></p>
<p>But above all, I will never forget who this victory truly belongs to. It belongs to you. It belongs to you.<br />
<span style="color: #ff0000">至于鄙人铭之肺腑，须臾不敢忘怀者，则诸位也。盖今日鄙人之胜绩，实诸位之胜绩，鄙人之荣光，实诸位之荣光！</span></p>
<p>I was never the likeliest candidate for this office. We didn&#8217;t start with much money or many endorsements. Our campaign was not hatched in the halls of Washington. It began in the backyards of Des Moines and the living rooms of Concord and the front porches of Charleston. It was built by working men and women who dug into what little savings they had to give $5 and $10 and $20 to the cause.<br />
<span style="color: #ff0000">余素朴陋，虽有参选之心，并无必胜之志。谋事之初，银资乏匮，从者寥寥；起事之地，皆蔽寓荒斋，不在高阁；成事之基，无非寻常百姓，涓滴之献。</span></p>
<p>It grew strength from the young people who rejected the myth of their generation&#8217;s apathy who left their homes and their families for jobs that offered little pay and less sleep.<br />
It drew strength from the not-so-young people who braved the bitter cold and scorching heat to knock on doors of perfect strangers, and from the millions of Americans who volunteered and organized and proved that more than two centuries later a government of the people, by the people, and for the people has not perished from the Earth.<br />
<span style="color: #ff0000">今日之胜，有赖一众热血青年，抛其家，别其室，不辞其苦，不计其酬，矻矻于此——&#8220;国中青年爱国之心已泯&#8221;之谬论，今可休矣！今日之胜，有赖壮志未已之诸前辈，无惧寒暑，行走奔波，劝说民众。今日之胜，乃数百万美利坚民众之胜，察其意，皆属踊跃为国，观其行，处处谨严有序，足堪告慰二百年前开国之先贤——民有、民治、民享之政体，未尝动摇也！</span></p>
<p>This is your victory.<br />
<span style="color: #ff0000">嗟夫！此实诸位之功也！</span></p>
<p>And I know you didn&#8217;t do this just to win an election. And I know you didn&#8217;t do it for me.You did it because you understand the enormity of the task that lies ahead. For even as we celebrate tonight, we know the challenges that tomorrow will bring are the greatest of our lifetime — two wars, a planet in peril, the worst financial crisis in a century.<br />
<span style="color: #ff0000">余知诸君之意非在此一选举，亦非在鄙人一身。盖瞻前路之艰辛，益知此任非同小可也。虽今夕欢贺于此，而明朝酒醒，大患仍自当前，不容有怠——两地烽烟熊熊而起，四海之内纷纷而乱，金融业界惶惶而不得宁。</span></p>
<p>Even as we stand here tonight, we know there are brave Americans waking up in the deserts of Iraq and the mountains of Afghanistan to risk their lives for us.There are mothers and fathers who will lie awake after the children fall asleep and wonder how they&#8217;ll make the mortgage or pay their doctors&#8217; bills or save enough for their child&#8217;s college education. There&#8217;s new energy to harness, new jobs to be created, new schools to build, and threats to meet, alliances to repair.<br />
<span style="color: #ff0000">是夜，饮宴笙歌之声不绝于耳，而异邦大漠群山中，吾国大好青年，兀自苦戍边塞，惝恍竟夜，性命尚未得安。吾国千万庶民，为人父母者，兀自惴惴难眠，所忧者，乃房宅所贷、病患之费、抚育之资也。至若吾国能源之耗，百业之兴，庠序之教，攻伐之术，怀远之道，亦皆吾等忡忡挂怀者也。</span></p>
<p>The road ahead will be long. Our climb will be steep. We may not get there in one year or even in one term. But, America, I have never been more hopeful than I am tonight that we will get there. I promise you, we as a people will get there.<br />
<span style="color: #ff0000">渺渺乎其远，如不可达，危危乎其高，若不可攀。朝夕岁月，焉得成就？余不揣愚钝，愿以四载韶华，付诸此业，胜算何如虽不可知，然昂扬必胜之奇志，成就伟业之壮怀，平生未之有也。君子一诺，其重何如，此地今夕，愿斗胆发一狂言——吾辈既在，其事必成！</span></p>
<p>There will be setbacks and false starts. There are many who won&#8217;t agree with every decision or policy I make as president. And we know the government can&#8217;t solve every problem. But I will always be honest with you about the challenges we face. I will listen to you, especially when we disagree. And, above all, I will ask you to join in the work of remaking this nation, the only way it&#8217;s been done in America for 221 years — block by block, brick by brick, calloused hand by calloused hand.<br />
<span style="color: #ff0000">逶迤坎坷，份内之事。异见争端，料必有之。国中之政府，谅非无所不能者。余所秉承不移者，唯忠信矣。倘有危难于前，必无欺瞒于世。诸君言论臧否，纵悖逆相左之议，余必当洗耳以聆。于此之外，更当恳请诸君，不吝心血，致力报效，以振吾美利坚重兴之业。余亦别无他想，唯盼吾侪协力，延继吾国既肇二百二十一年之大统，汇涓滴之力，而成万世之业。</span></p>
<p>What began 21 months ago in the depths of winter cannot end on this autumn night. This victory alone is not the change we seek. It is only the chance for us to make that change. And that cannot happen if we go back to the way things were. It can&#8217;t happen without you, without a new spirit of service, a new spirit of sacrifice.<br />
<span style="color: #ff0000">昔年冬日，余有志于斯，投身此业，屈指算来，倏然近二载矣。当此秋夜，追思反省，仍无溃退逃亡之意。选战之胜，无非一役之功，余梦寐所思矢志所求者，非在乎此。溯源究本，此役之胜，不过革世变时一大好良机耳。倘止步于斯，垂手而待，或无诸君倾力相援，则壮志丰功，无非泡影，诸般梦想，终必虚妄。</span></p>
<p>So let us summon a new spirit of patriotism, of responsibility, where each of us resolves to pitch in and work harder and look after not only ourselves but each other. Let us remember that, if this financial crisis taught us anything, it&#8217;s that we cannot have a thriving Wall Street while Main Street suffers. In this country, we rise or fall as one nation, as one people.<br />
<span style="color: #ff0000">爱国之心，报国之念，吾人固有之，然逢今日之世，此心此念亦当一变——吾辈各执己业，益当各竭其力，各尽其命，非但为一己之利，而更期普世之荣。今岁，金融业界动荡多舛，细审观之，当可以之为鉴——实业之损，亦是金融之伤。可知，既在邦域之内，吾辈荣辱休戚，皆相与共矣！</span></p>
<p>Let&#8217;s resist the temptation to fall back on the same partisanship and pettiness and immaturity that has poisoned our politics for so long. Let&#8217;s remember that it was a man from this state who first carried the banner of the Republican Party to the White House, a party founded on the values of self-reliance and individual liberty and national unity.Those are values that we all share.<br />
<span style="color: #ff0000">党争纷纭，阴谋卑鄙，愚鲁无知，皆腐蚀清白、惑乱政局之弊也，其缘由已久，余今愿与诸君协力，共灭除之。昔年曾有此郡先贤，执共和党之帜，而掌总统府之权。自强独立，自由统一等信念，皆斯人之所倡，亦吾辈之所宗。</span></p>
<p>And while the Democratic Party has won a great victory tonight, we do so with a measure of humility and determination to heal the divides that have held back our progress. As Lincoln said to a nation far more divided than ours, we are not enemies but friends. Though passion may have strained, it must not break our bonds of affection.<br />
<span style="color: #ff0000">今岁选战，吾民主党人幸有一胜，然谦逊和合之心未尝少减。余素信服者，乃山河破碎之际，林肯总统之言——&#8220;既是至亲，终不为敌。虽弩张剑拔，而血脉未尝断，情义不少减。&#8221;</span></p>
<p>And to those Americans whose support I have yet to earn, I may not have won your vote tonight, but I hear your voices. I need your help. And I will be your president, too.<br />
<span style="color: #ff0000">固然，仍有四方志士，不为鄙人所动，另有高明之选。虽终悭此一票之缘，然诸君高论，余亦声声在耳，字字在心。倘能得诸君之援手，鄙人幸甚。他日待余总而统之，亦必不另眼以待也。</span></p>
<p>And to all those watching tonight from beyond our shores, from parliaments and palaces, to those who are huddled around radios in the forgotten corners of the world, our stories are singular, but our destiny is shared, and a new dawn of American leadership is at hand.<br />
<span style="color: #ff0000">吾邦民众，散居天下，各安其命，而其志一也。吾邦鼎盛之势，今已乍现锋芒。</span></p>
<p>To those — to those who would tear the world down: We will defeat you. To those who seek peace and security: We support you. And to all those who have wondered if America&#8217;s beacon still burns as bright: Tonight we proved once more that the true strength of our nation comes not from the might of our arms or the scale of our wealth, but from the enduring power of our ideals: democracy, liberty, opportunity and unyielding hope.<br />
<span style="color: #ff0000">至于心怀叵测，与世人为仇、与天下为敌者，吾邦猛志常在，彼等必取灭亡。心思纯良，久慕大同者，吾辈当倾力以助，鼎力相援。犹疑未定，不知吾自由之邦兴衰如何者，吾辈愿以今日盛况以告之——美利坚之所以谓之&#8220;美&#8221;者，非刀兵之强，金银之众，实民主、自由、机遇、梦想之美也！</span></p>
<p>That&#8217;s the true genius of America: that America can change. Our union can be perfected. What we&#8217;ve already achieved gives us hope for what we can and must achieve tomorrow.<br />
<span style="color: #ff0000">天自有道，地自有德，恩赋吾邦无上异禀——无他，唯变而已矣。美利坚变革不怠，合众国日趋尽善。当以过往先贤之伟绩，助吾侪今日之雄心，开子孙万世之辉光。</span></p>
<p>This election had many firsts and many stories that will be told for generations. But one that&#8217;s on my mind tonight&#8217;s about a woman who cast her ballot in Atlanta. She&#8217;s a lot like the millions of others who stood in line to make their voice heard in this election except for one thing: Ann Nixon Cooper is 106 years old.<br />
<span style="color: #ff0000">今岁选战，多开亘古之先，屡传千秋佳话。感我至深者，亚特兰大之老妪安&#8226;尼克松&#8226;库帕也——库氏之一票，于数百万美利坚民众之选票无异，其所以引人称奇者，其人今岁高龄一百有六矣。</span></p>
<p>She was born just a generation past slavery; a time when there were no cars on the road or planes in the sky; when someone like her couldn&#8217;t vote for two reasons — because she was a woman and because of the color of her skin.<br />
<span style="color: #ff0000">当其父辈之时，天道不彰，黑人为奴。库氏其生也不逢时，汽车尚不行于道，飞机未曾起于空，库氏既属黑人，又系女流，票选一事，概无瓜葛。</span></p>
<p>And tonight, I think about all that she&#8217;s seen throughout her century in America — the heartache and the hope; the struggle and the progress; the times we were told that we can&#8217;t, and the people who pressed on with that American creed: Yes we can.<br />
<span style="color: #ff0000">今日今时，回溯库氏百岁之涯，但见吾邦先贤屡败屡战，且退且进，悲欣交集，甘苦杂陈。幸而正道存焉，壮志存焉，曰：吾辈既在，无所不能。</span></p>
<p>At a time when women&#8217;s voices were silenced and their hopes dismissed, she lived to see them stand up and speak out and reach for the ballot. Yes we can.<br />
<span style="color: #ff0000">万马齐喑，其事堪哀，吾邦女界怒而起，愤而争，苦战不歇，历数十载。幸哉库氏，以百岁之高龄，终得亲见女流自立于世，重获天赋之权——吾辈既在，无所不能！</span></p>
<p>When there was despair in the dust bowl and depression across the land, she saw a nation conquer fear itself with a New Deal, new jobs, a new sense of common purpose. Yes we can.<br />
<span style="color: #ff0000">当百业萧条，国人绝望哀鸣之际，库氏亲见吾美利坚出旷世之新政，挽狂澜于既倒，扶大厦之将倾，退畏惧之势，扶奋勇之心，终至人各有位，民心乃安——吾辈既在，无所不能！</span></p>
<p>When the bombs fell on our harbor and tyranny threatened the world, she was there to witness a generation rise to greatness and a democracy was saved. Yes we can.<br />
<span style="color: #ff0000">当吾国良港遭袭，天下桀纣当道，暴政肆虐之时，库氏亲见豪杰群起，民主不衰——吾辈既在，无所不能！</span></p>
<p>She was there for the buses in Montgomery, the hoses in Birmingham, a bridge in Selma, and a preacher from Atlanta who told a people that &#8220;We Shall Overcome.&#8221; Yes we can.<br />
<span style="color: #ff0000">蒙哥马利公车之罢辍，伯明翰城黑人之群起，塞尔玛城血雨腥风之事，库氏般般亲历。更曾亲聆亚特兰大传教之士振臂登高之呼——&#8220;吾等必胜！&#8221;诚哉斯言！吾辈既在，无所不能！</span></p>
<p>A man touched down on the moon, a wall came down in Berlin, a world was connected by our own science and imagination. And this year, in this election, she touched her finger to a screen, and cast her vote, because after 106 years in America, through the best of times and the darkest of hours, she knows how America can change. Yes we can.<br />
<span style="color: #ff0000">俟科学昌明于世，创想通贯一时，既登广寒之阙，又溃柏林之墙。洋洋乎！有百年如是，乃见今岁选战中，库氏之一票。浩浩兮！一百零六载交锋更迭，方有美利坚今日之变革——吾辈既在，无所不能！</span></p>
<p>America, we have come so far. We have seen so much. But there is so much more to do. So tonight, let us ask ourselves — if our children should live to see the next century; if my daughters should be so lucky to live as long as Ann Nixon Cooper, what change will they see? What progress will we have made?<br />
<span style="color: #ff0000">转眼兴亡过手，而今迈步从头。追昔抚今，不禁扪心而问——俟再历百年岁月，倘吾等后辈儿孙，亦有得享高寿如库氏者，复可见何等之变数？吾辈今日之功，他年可得而见之乎？</span></p>
<p>This is our chance to answer that call. This is our moment. This is our time, to put our people back to work and open doors of opportunity for our kids; to restore prosperity and promote the cause of peace; to reclaim the American dream and reaffirm that fundamental truth, that, out of many, we are one; that while we breathe, we hope. And where we are met with cynicism and doubts and those who tell us that we can&#8217;t, we will respond with that timeless creed that sums up the spirit of a people: Yes, we can.<br />
<span style="color: #ff0000">所谓天命时运，莫过于此——当为吾邦万民造安身立命之业，为吾辈儿孙启各显雄才之门，为寰宇各国创太平静好之世，为吾等壮志赋千秋不灭之元神。吾邦立国之本，必将光耀于天下。万千同胞，当如一人，一息尚存，梦想不灭。纵有世人旁观在侧，而疑窦生焉，吾辈亦当以千秋不易之训共答之曰——吾辈既在，无所不能！</span></p>
<p>Thank you. God bless you. And may God bless the United States of America.<br />
<span style="color: #ff0000">拜谢诸君。愿天佑吾民，天佑吾邦。</span></p>
<p>[完]</p>
</div>
<img src="http://www.cnblogs.com/rexhost/aggbug/1336315.html?type=1" width="1" height="1" alt=""/><p>评论: 4　<a href="http://www.cnblogs.com/rexhost/archive/2008/11/19/1336315.html#pagedcomment" target="_blank">查看评论</a>　<a href="http://www.cnblogs.com/rexhost/archive/2008/11/19/1336315.html#commentform" target="_blank">发表评论</a></p><hr/><p>最新新闻：<br/>· <a href="http://news.cnblogs.com/n/56793/" target="_blank">知名扩展 Firebug 的简化版登陆 Chrome</a><span style="color:gray">(2010-02-09 22:59)</span><br/>· <a href="http://news.cnblogs.com/n/56792/" target="_blank">Google 悄悄地启用 1e100.net，打枪地不要</a><span style="color:gray">(2010-02-09 22:57)</span><br/>· <a href="http://news.cnblogs.com/n/56791/" target="_blank">从 Google 代码库找到的好东西</a><span style="color:gray">(2010-02-09 22:46)</span><br/>· <a href="http://news.cnblogs.com/n/56789/" target="_blank">苹果在线商店临时关闭 或将推新Macbook</a><span style="color:gray">(2010-02-09 22:39)</span><br/>· <a href="http://news.cnblogs.com/n/56788/" target="_blank">豆瓣网推出豆瓣电台iPhone客户端</a><span style="color:gray">(2010-02-09 21:51)</span><br/></p><p>编辑推荐：<a href="http://news.cnblogs.com/n/56782/" target="_blank">2010年2月编程语言排行榜</a><br/></p><p>网站导航：<a href="http://www.cnblogs.com" target="_blank">博客园首页</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://home.cnblogs.com/" target="_blank">个人主页</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://news.cnblogs.com" target="_blank">新闻</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://home.cnblogs.com/ing/" target="_blank">闪存</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://home.cnblogs.com/group/" target="_blank">小组</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://space.cnblogs.com/q/" target="_blank">博问</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://space.cnblogs.com" target="_blank">社区</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://kb.cnblogs.com" target="_blank">知识库</a></p>]]></description></item><item><title>【JOURNAL】怎么计算4万亿</title><link>http://www.cnblogs.com/rexhost/archive/2008/11/18/1336195.html</link><dc:creator>井上冰</dc:creator><author>井上冰</author><pubDate>Tue, 18 Nov 2008 11:54:00 GMT</pubDate><guid>http://www.cnblogs.com/rexhost/archive/2008/11/18/1336195.html</guid><description><![CDATA[<p>阅读: 366 评论: 1 作者: <a href="http://www.cnblogs.com/rexhost/" target="_blank">井上冰</a> 发表于 2008-11-18 19:54 <a href="http://www.cnblogs.com/rexhost/archive/2008/11/18/1336195.html" target="_blank">原文链接</a></p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 这阵子全世界被中国的4万亿震撼了，有点雷到了的意思。据说北京一些部委办公室附近的酒店宾馆被省里进京的官员们住满了，到部里商量如何在5天内花掉几百亿。在当下这个现金为王的环境里，简直牛到不行。</p>
<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 当然这4万亿中有中央投资的1.18万亿，剩下的2.82万亿将依赖社会资金。这是一种计算方法。</p>
<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 还可以这样计算，4500亿用于兴建或扩建60多个机场，900亿用在北京的轨道交通等等，我想各位赶着进京的官员们都在积极地考虑这个，且不论是否过度建设（有多少新建的机场以及新的航线在未来10年里能盈利？）。</p>
<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 还有一种计算方式，是大家在如此&#8220;欢天喜地&#8221;的气氛里不愿想到但却不应该忽略的，那就是4万亿里有多少是变成了土木工程，变成了信息系统，又有多少会落进贪官的腰包！</p>
<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 中国俨然救市、救世的姿态，不要变成贪污的邀请。</p>
<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 希望更多人看到并考虑这个问题，促成社会的积极防范。不然老百姓宁愿没有4万亿这个天文数字，也不要这可能被贪去的另一个天文数字。</p>
<img src="http://www.cnblogs.com/rexhost/aggbug/1336195.html?type=1" width="1" height="1" alt=""/><p>评论: 1　<a href="http://www.cnblogs.com/rexhost/archive/2008/11/18/1336195.html#pagedcomment" target="_blank">查看评论</a>　<a href="http://www.cnblogs.com/rexhost/archive/2008/11/18/1336195.html#commentform" target="_blank">发表评论</a></p><hr/><p>最新新闻：<br/>· <a href="http://news.cnblogs.com/n/56793/" target="_blank">知名扩展 Firebug 的简化版登陆 Chrome</a><span style="color:gray">(2010-02-09 22:59)</span><br/>· <a href="http://news.cnblogs.com/n/56792/" target="_blank">Google 悄悄地启用 1e100.net，打枪地不要</a><span style="color:gray">(2010-02-09 22:57)</span><br/>· <a href="http://news.cnblogs.com/n/56791/" target="_blank">从 Google 代码库找到的好东西</a><span style="color:gray">(2010-02-09 22:46)</span><br/>· <a href="http://news.cnblogs.com/n/56789/" target="_blank">苹果在线商店临时关闭 或将推新Macbook</a><span style="color:gray">(2010-02-09 22:39)</span><br/>· <a href="http://news.cnblogs.com/n/56788/" target="_blank">豆瓣网推出豆瓣电台iPhone客户端</a><span style="color:gray">(2010-02-09 21:51)</span><br/></p><p>编辑推荐：<a href="http://news.cnblogs.com/n/56782/" target="_blank">2010年2月编程语言排行榜</a><br/></p><p>网站导航：<a href="http://www.cnblogs.com" target="_blank">博客园首页</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://home.cnblogs.com/" target="_blank">个人主页</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://news.cnblogs.com" target="_blank">新闻</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://home.cnblogs.com/ing/" target="_blank">闪存</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://home.cnblogs.com/group/" target="_blank">小组</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://space.cnblogs.com/q/" target="_blank">博问</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://space.cnblogs.com" target="_blank">社区</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://kb.cnblogs.com" target="_blank">知识库</a></p>]]></description></item><item><title>【EXLIBRIS】余英时：我们今天怎样读中国书【ZZ】</title><link>http://www.cnblogs.com/rexhost/archive/2008/10/17/1313782.html</link><dc:creator>井上冰</dc:creator><author>井上冰</author><pubDate>Fri, 17 Oct 2008 14:40:00 GMT</pubDate><guid>http://www.cnblogs.com/rexhost/archive/2008/10/17/1313782.html</guid><description><![CDATA[<p>阅读: 409 评论: 0 作者: <a href="http://www.cnblogs.com/rexhost/" target="_blank">井上冰</a> 发表于 2008-10-17 22:40 <a href="http://www.cnblogs.com/rexhost/archive/2008/10/17/1313782.html" target="_blank">原文链接</a></p><p>linked from <a href="http://www.douban.com/group/topic/1760908/">http://www.douban.com/group/topic/1760908/</a></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 中国传统的读书法，讲得最亲切有昧的无过于朱熹。《朱子语类》中有《总论为学之方》一卷和《读书法》两卷，我希望读者肯花点时间去读一读，对于怎样进入中国旧学间的世界一定有很大的帮助。朱子不但现身说法，而且也总结了荀子以来的读书经验，最能为我们指点门迳。 <br />
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　　　　我们不要以为这是中国的旧方法，和今天西方的新方法相比早已落伍了。我曾经比较过朱子读书法和今天西方所谓"诠释学"的异同，发现彼此相通之处甚多。"诠释学"所分析的各种层次，大致都可以在朱子的《语类》和《文集》中找得到。 <br />
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　　　　古今中外论读书，大致都不外专精和博览两途。 <br />
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　　　　"专精"是指对古代经典之作必须下基础工夫。古代经典很多，今天已不能人人尽读。像清代戴震，不但十三经本文全能背诵，而且"注"也能背涌，只有"疏"不尽记得，这种工夫今天已不可能。因为我们的知识范围扩大了无数倍，无法集中在几部经、史上面。但是我们若有志治中国学问，还是要选几部经典，反覆阅读，虽不必记诵，至少要熟。近人余嘉锡在他的《四库提要辩证》的序录中说："董遏谓读书百遍，而义自见，固是不易之论。百遍纵或未能，三复必不可少。"至少我们必须在自己想进行专门研究的范围之内，作这样的努力。经典作品大致都已经过古人和今人的一再整理，我们早已比古人占许多便宜了。不但中国传统如此，西方现代的人文研究也还是如此。从前芝加哥大学有"伟大的典籍"（GreatBooks）的课程，也是要学生精熟若干经典。近来虽稍松弛，但仍有人提倡精读柏拉图的《理想国》之类的作品。 <br />
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　　　　精读的书给我们建立了作学问的基地；有了基地，我们才能扩展，这就是博览了。博览也须要有重点，不是漫无目的的乱翻。现代是知识爆炸的时代，古人所谓"一物不知，儒者之耻"，已不合时宜了。所以我们必须配合着自己专业去逐步扩大知识的范围。这里需要训练自己的判断能力：哪些学科和自己的专业相关？在相关各科之中，我们又怎样建立一个循序发展的计划？各相关学科之中又有哪些书是属于"必读"的一类？这些问题我们可请教师友，也可以从现代人的著作中找到线索。这是现代大学制度给我们的特殊便利。博览之书虽不必"三复"，但也还是要择其精者作有系统的阅读，至少要一字不遗细读一遍。稍稍熟悉之后，才能"快读"、"跳读"。朱子曾说过：读书先要花十分气力才能毕一书，第二本书只用花七八分功夫便可完成了，以后越来越省力，也越来越快。这是从"十目一行"到"一目十行"的过程，无论专精和博览都无例外。 <br />
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　　读书要"虚心"，这是中国自古相传的不二法门。 <br />
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　　　　朱子说得好："读书别无法，只管看，便是法。正如呆人相似，崖来崖去，自己却未先要立意见，且虚心，只管看。看来看去，自然晓得。"这似乎是最笨的方法，但其实是最聪明的方法。我劝青年朋友们暂且不要信今天从西方搬来的许多意见，说甚么我们的脑子已不是一张白纸，我们必然带着许多"先入之见"来读古人的书，"客观"是不可能的等等昏话。正因为我们有主观，我们读书时才必须尽最大的可能来求"客观的了解"。事实证明：不同主观的人，只要"虚心"读书，则也未尝不能彼此印证而相悦以解。如果"虚心"是不可能的，读书的结果只不过各人加强已有的"主观"，那又何必读书呢？ <br />
　　 <br />
　　　　"虚"和"谦"是分不开的。我们读经典之作，甚至一般有学术价值的今人之作，总要先存一点谦逊的心理，不能一开始便狂妄自大。这是今天许多中国读书人常犯的一种通病，尤以治中国学问的人为甚。他们往往"尊西人若帝天，视西籍如神圣"（这是邓实在1904年说的话），凭着平时所得的一点西方观念，对中国古籍横加"批判"，他们不是读书，而是像高高在上的法宫，把中国书籍当作囚犯一样来审问、逼供。如果有人认为这是"创造"的表现，我想他大可不必浪费时间去读中国书。倒不如像鲁迅所说的"中国书一本也不必读，要读便读外国书"，反而更干脆。不过读外国书也还是要谦逊，也还是不能狂妄自大。 <br />
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　　　　古人当然是可以"批判"的，古书也不是没有漏洞。朱子说："看文字，且信本句，不添字，那里原有缺缝，如合子相似，自家去抉开，不是浑沦底物，硬去凿。亦不可先立说，拿古人意来凑。"读书得见书中的"缺缝"，已是有相当程度以后的事，不是初学便能达得到的境界。"硬去凿"、"先立说，拿古人意来凑"却恰恰是今天中国知识界最常见的病状。有志治中国学问的人应该好好记取朱子这几句话。 <br />
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　　　　今天读中国古书确有一层新的困难，是古人没有的：我们从小受教育，已浸润在现代（主要是西方）的概念之中。例如原有的经、史、子、集的旧分类（可以《四库全书总目提要》为标准）早已为新的（也就是西方的）学科分类所取代。人类的文化和思想在大端上本多相通的地方（否则文化之间的互相了解便不可能了），因此有些西方概念可以很自然地引入中国学术传统之中，化旧成新。但有些则是西方文化传统中特有的概念，在中国找不到相当的东西；更有许多中国文化中的特殊的观念，在西方也完全不见踪迹。我们今天读中国书最怕的是把西方的观念来穿凿附会，其结果是非驴非马，制造笑柄。 <br />
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　　　　我希望青年朋友有志于读古书的，最好是尽量先从中国旧传统中去求了解，不要急于用西方观念作新解。中西会通是成学之后，有了把握，才能尝试的事。即使你同时读《论语》和柏拉图的对话，也只能分别去了解其在原有文化系统中的相传旧义，不能马上想、"合二为一"。 <br />
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　　我可以负责地说一句：20世纪以来，中国学人有关中国学术的著作，其最有价值的都是最少以西方观念作比附的。如果治中国史者先有外国框框，则势必不能细心体会中国史籍的"本意"，而是把它当报纸一样的翻检，从字面上找自己所需要的东西（你们千万不要误信有些浅人的话，以为"本意"是找不到的，理由在此无法详说）。 <br />
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　　　　"好学深思，心知其意"是每一个真正读书人所必须力求达到的最高阶段。读书的第一义是尽量求得客观的认识，不是为了炫耀自己的"创造力"，能"发前人所未发"。其实今天中文世界里的有些"新见解"，戳穿了不过是捡来一两个外国新名词在那里乱翻花样，不但在中国书中缺乏根据，而且也不合西方原文的脉络。 <br />
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　　　　中国自唐代韩愈以来，便主张"读书必先识字"。中国文字表面上古今不异，但两三千年演变下来，同一名词已有各时代的不同涵义，所以没有训话的基础知识，是看不懂古书的。西方书也是一样。不精通德文、法文而从第二手的英文著作中得来的有关欧洲大陆的思想观念，是完全不可靠的。 <br />
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　　　　中国知识界似乎还没有完全摆脱殖民地的心态，一切以西方的观念为最后依据。甚至"反西方"的思想也还是来自西方，如"依赖理论"、如"批判学说"、如"解构"之类。所以特别是这十几年来，只要西方思想界稍有风吹草动（主要还是从美国转贩的），便有一批中国知识份子兴风作浪一番，而且立即用之于中国书的解读上面，这不是中西会通，而是随着外国调子起舞，像被人牵着线的傀儡一样，青年朋友们如果不幸而入此魔道，则从此便断送了自己的学问前途。 <br />
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　　　　美国是一个市场取向的社会，不变点新花样、新产品，便没有销路。学术界受此影响，因此也往往在旧东西上动点手脚，当作新创造品来推销，尤以人文社会科学为然。不过大体而言，美国学术界还能维持一种实学的传统，不为新推销术所动。今年5月底，我到哈佛大学参加了一次审查中国现代史长期聘任的专案会议。其中有一位候选者首先被历史系除名，不加考虑。因为据昕过演讲的教授报告，这位候选者在一小时之内用了一百二十次以上"discourse"这个流行名词。哈佛历史系的人断定这位学人太过浅薄，是不能指导研究生作切实的文献研究的。我昕了这番话，感触很深，觉得西方史学界毕竟还有严格的水准。他们还是要求研究生平平实实地去读书的。 <br />
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　　　　这其实也是中国自古相传的读书传统，一直到30年代都保持未变。据我所知，日本汉学界大致也还维持着这一朴实的作风。我在美国三十多年中，曾看见了无数次所谓"新思潮"的兴起和衰灭，真是"眼看他起高楼，眼看他楼塌了"。我希望中国知识界至少有少数"读书种子"，能维持着认真读中国书的传统，彻底克服殖民地的心理。至于大多数人将为时代风气席卷而去，大概已是无可奈何的事。 <br />
　　 <br />
　　　　但是我决不是要提倡任何狭隘的"中国本土"的观点，盲目排外和盲目崇外都是不正常的心态。只有温故才能知新，只有推陈才能出新，旧书不厌百回读，熟读深思子自知，这是颠扑不破的关于读书的道理。 </p>
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